What does diathesis look like? Diathesis in children symptoms and treatment prevention photo and adults

Diathesis in infants is a problem that many mothers face. In some babies, an unpleasant phenomenon after treatment passes almost without a trace, in others complications appear, a tendency to allergic reactions is fixed.

What foods in the diet of a nursing mother are potentially dangerous for the baby? How to introduce new types of complementary foods to avoid an acute response of the body in a baby? For all parents - advice from pediatricians and allergists.

Reasons for the development of the disease

Diathesis in children is a borderline state between a disease and a one-time reaction to a specific stimulus. The reappearance of characteristic signs often indicates the development of a chronic form of exudative diathesis. It is no coincidence that a severe allergic reaction is included in the international classifier of diseases. Diathesis code according to the ICD - L20 - L30 "Dermatitis and eczema."

A nursing mother should use only permitted, products that do not cause negative effects on the body of the crumbs. The slightest deviations from the hypoallergenic diet provoke rashes on the face, body, redness, weeping, itchy crusts in the baby.

Potential allergens:

citrus;
tomatoes;
apricots;
cherries;
peaches;
strawberry;
Strawberry;
watermelons;
whole milk;
nuts, especially peanuts;
eggs;
seafood;
high-fat dairy products;
chocolate and cocoa;
cheeses;
sea fish;
concentrates;
products with dyes and preservatives.

Go to the address and read information about the first signs and symptoms of food allergies in children.

Proven Recipes:

tub with string. For a liter of boiling water, you need 2 tbsp. l. dried herb. Steam raw materials in a thermos, insist 1.5 hours, strain, add to water;
bath with oak bark. Pour the crushed raw materials (4 tablespoons) into a saucepan, pour 1.5 liters of hot water, boil for 15 minutes, leave for half an hour, filter. Pour the decoction into the water for the procedure;
chamomile bath. Pour into a thermos 3 tbsp. l. dried flowers, add a liter of boiling water, wait an hour. Strain the infusion, use for a therapeutic bath.

The development of exudative-catarrhal diathesis is a signal of malfunctions in the tiny organism. The appearance of a non-specific skin reaction is a reason for more thorough skin care for the baby, close attention to the nutrition of the baby and the nursing mother.

How to reduce the risk of diathesis in infants? Basic Rules:

hypoallergenic diet for a child and mother with natural feeding;
strengthening immunity;
the introduction of complementary foods only in due time;
baby weight control
selection of infant formulas from well-known manufacturers, with a minimum list of irritating components;
timely refusal of milk protein in case of suspected allergic reactions;
limiting contact with household allergens;
daily wet cleaning;
careful toilet of the baby's body, especially skin folds;
preventive bathing with herbal decoctions.

If you suspect diathesis in infants, it is important to visit a pediatrician, if necessary, get advice from an experienced allergist. You can not start the treatment of exudative diathesis or other types of diseases: in the absence of timely therapy, many people suffer through the fault of their parents from the manifestations of chronic pathologies all their lives.

Everyone has heard the word "diathesis", but many of the parents do not know what it is. Watch the following video and find out useful information about allergic reactions of the child's body:

Now children get sick very often, this is influenced by a huge number of factors. Infants have a large number various diseases. Mothers begin to worry very much about this. Therefore, this article should help mothers and their children.

What is diathesis in a child?

Diathesis is a fairly common disease among newborn babies and children. Some mothers do not pay attention to this, thinking that it will pass by itself. They say: "It's just blushing!"

But in fact, this is a huge misconception, because diathesis is essentially an allergic reaction to any food. And in no case should we close our eyes to this.

What does diathesis look like in a child - photo

Types of diathesis

In total, there are three types of diathesis in a child:

This is a neuro-arthritic diathesis
Lymphatic-hypoplastic
Exudative catarrhal diathesis

neuro-arthritic diathesis is usually inherited. Such diathesis can lead in the future to excessive fullness, that is, obesity due to metabolic disorders, and diabetes mellitus can also develop. In fact, this type of diathesis is very rare, in about 7-10% of children. It is very important to immediately contact a specialist so as not to start and not lead to even more serious diseases.
Lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis. This type of diathesis is accompanied by an increase in the thymus, that is, the thymus gland, as well as lymph nodes. Such a disease develops in utero when the mother suffers various infections. This type of diathesis leads to frequent infectious diseases of the child.
Exudative catarrhal diathesis occurs in children under six months of age. This is the most popular and most harmless type of diathesis. It usually manifests itself in the form of redness of the cheeks or any other parts of the body. In fact, such diathesis manifests itself in children due to food products that caused an allergic reaction.

Note! Parents often give their children food from an adult table, although they are not allowed to. Or a mother, eating any allergic products and feeding the child with breast milk, thereby dooms him to this fate.

Causes

It should be noted that it can be formed both in utero and after the birth of a child.

A number of factors contribute to this:

Eating allergenic foods (for example: citrus, chocolate, caviar, and so on)
A breastfeeding mother eats foods that can cause an allergic reaction in the baby.
Hereditary predisposition to allergies.
If a woman pregnant with a child has suffered various infections.
Environmental conditions (allergies may be to dust or animal hair)

Symptoms and signs

It is usually easy to understand that a child has diathesis. After all, it is accompanied by fairly obvious symptoms.
In infants, diathesis is accompanied by redness of the cheeks and a violation of the stool. And in older children, itching, a rash, and a violation of the stool appear.

Diagnostic methods

Children with diathesis can be observed by various doctors. The list of these specialists is rather big. But the most basic ones are a pediatrician, a pediatric allergist, a pediatric endocrinologist, a pediatric dermatologist, and a pediatric neurologist.

Usually in children, if diathesis is suspected in a child, urine and blood tests are usually taken. And also the child can be sent for an ultrasound if there is a suspicion of lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis.

Possible Complications

Children with exudative-catarrhal diathesis may develop bronchial asthma.
A child with lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis may often suffer from infectious diseases in the future.
Children with neuro-arthritic diathesis may develop diabetes mellitus, and there may also be various mental disorders.

Treatment of diathesis in children

Medical treatment

Before treating any disease with medicines, you need to understand that it is first recommended to consult a specialist so as not to make things worse.

Drugs that can help with diathesis:

Bepanthen
Zinc ointment
Fenistil
Polysorb
Suprastin
Zyrtec

Note! In newborns, diathesis is not considered a disease, therefore, in this case, it is most effective to refuse allergenic foods to the child and the nursing mother.

Folk ways

In order to somehow relieve itching or redness without visiting a doctor, folk recipes will help:

Bath with string and chamomile

You will need:

Chamomile
succession

Cooking:

It is necessary to take dry chamomile grass and succession, boil for 10-15 minutes. Then you need to let it brew for about 30-40 minutes. This mixture must be filtered and added each time the baby is bathed.

This remedy, which is very easy to prepare, insanely well copes with itching, rashes and redness. It is great for soothing the skin.

Eggshell

Cooking process:

The easiest to prepare, but very effective method in the fight against diathesis. So how do you prepare such a magical remedy? It is necessary to boil chicken eggs, in principle, the quantity is not so important, because in this case it all depends on how long you want to cook this remedy.

So, then carefully clean the shell from the eggs themselves and leave to dry for three days. Then you need to grind the shell, best in a coffee grinder. Then give the child in the morning and in the evening one teaspoon. Such a remedy should be used for two to three months for an effective result. If the child refuses to accept, then you can mix it with something.

Cream with fir oil

You will need:

Fir oil
Any baby cream

Cooking:

Such a tool almost does not need to be prepared, everything is much simpler here! You just need to take three parts of baby cream and pour one part of fir oil into it (available at the pharmacy) and that's it! Apply to areas where there is redness and rashes in the morning and evening. Works very well for itching.

Decoction with bay leaf

You will need:

bay leaves
Crushed rosehip

Cooking process:

It is necessary to take bay leaves and boil for three minutes. Then add one teaspoon of crushed rose hips. Then you need to let the broth brew overnight. In the morning, strain and give the child one tablespoon three times a day - in the morning, in the evening and at lunch.

Diet for diathesis

Diathesis is primarily an allergic reaction, as described above. Therefore, the child should exclude those foods that caused the allergy. This list usually includes meat, fish, cow's milk, citrus, chocolate, candy, nuts and so on.

Note! During this difficult period, it is recommended that children eat dietary meat (for example: rabbit meat), cereals on the water (buckwheat, rice, and so on), cucumbers, cabbage, broccoli and celery can be eaten from vegetables. Mothers who are breastfeeding also need to follow a diet.

Prevention measures

Pregnant women should not eat allergenic foods.
Can be used folk ways in preventive measures.
Ventilate rooms frequently.
Carry out a fairly frequent wet cleaning of the room.
Quite often go out with the baby for walks in the fresh air.

Diathesis is quite serious and should not be joked with in any case. Before treating diathesis, it is necessary to consult with a specialist so that he can prescribe you further treatment. If you want to initially prevent diathesis in a baby, just follow a diet during pregnancy, as well as breastfeeding.

Update: October 2018

Diathesis translated from Greek means "inclination". Currently, diathesis is not attributed to a specific disease, but is considered a special condition of the child's body with:

hereditary predisposition;
undulating course, with periods of remission and exacerbation;
predisposition to certain diseases: allergies, respiratory infections, convulsive syndrome, metabolic disorders, immunological abnormalities.

Most often, diathesis can be observed on the baby's cheeks.

Thus, diathesis is an anomaly of the child's constitution, which determines the characteristics of his adaptive reactions and predisposition to certain diseases, among which allergic manifestations on the skin and in the respiratory system are not the last. The fact that in the classical understanding of most parents appears under the banner of diathesis is nothing more than skin manifestations of an allergic variant of diathesis.

Causes of allergic diathesis

It is difficult to single out any one cause of diathesis - as a rule, it develops with the combined effect of several causes, the most important of which is hereditary predisposition, as well as:

irrational nutrition of a woman during the gestation period (abuse of products containing a lot of harmful chemical additives);
abuse of pregnant allergenic foods (chocolate, citrus fruits, strawberries, nuts, milk, eggs, honey);
chronic diseases of the mother, infections that affect the course of pregnancy;
taking antibiotics and other drugs during the gestation period;
toxicosis during pregnancy;
complete absence of breastfeeding or its early completion;
transfer to artificial mixtures, when either cow's milk protein becomes an allergen for the child's body (see), or included in mixtures vitamin complexes cause an allergy in the baby (see).

The manifestation of an allergic reaction in a baby can be caused by a food allergy, contact reaction, or inhalation of toxic substances or allergens:

Respiratory diathesis

an abundance of dust collectors in the room, a rare wet cleaning of the room
recently renovated or new furniture in the apartment
the presence of pets, birds, etc.
the use by family members of various deodorants, perfumes, air flavors, household chemicals (chlorine-containing cleaners and detergents, washing powders, etc.)
most toys and baby care items Chinese made exude fetid odors, causing poisoning in everyday life.

food allergy

Today, absolutely any product (substances, additives in the composition of the product) in a child or adult can cause an inadequate immune response - in infants, this depends on the mother's diet or the introduction of complementary foods.

contact diathesis

bathing a child should be using only hypoallergenic products, in the first 3 months it is not advisable to use hot water from the tap, warm or boil cold
do not wash children's things with ordinary washing powders with a high content of surfactants and phosphates (the popular supposedly "children's" powder Eared Nyan also belongs to them), see.
the baby’s skin should only come into contact with cotton fabric, that is, exclude the contact of synthetic and woolen fabrics with the skin (wear a cotton cap under a synthetic cap, cotton clothes under a woolen sweater, etc.)
in children, antibacterial wet wipes may cause an allergic reaction (see , ).

Autoimmune diathesis

For example, hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light, high level class E and M immunoglobulins, activation of lymphocytes, detection of antinuclear factors, that is, a tendency to systemic diseases.

Infectious-allergic diathesis

In which the trigger mechanism is a transferred bacterial or viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, which provokes the onset of inflammatory changes in the skin and mucous membranes.

Exudative catarrhal diathesis

This is a tendency to pseudo-allergic reactions, infiltrates and desquamation of the skin and mucous membranes, disorders of water-salt metabolism. This type of diathesis is typical for large babies with loose and abundant subcutaneous tissue. They are prone to diaper rash, pastosity of the skin, a decrease in its tone, seborrhea of the head, and digestive disorders. Often, these children have an increase in several groups of lymph nodes, a tendency to secondary bacterial skin lesions.

Symptoms of diathesis

The manifestations of diathesis are diverse, they can be observed already in the first weeks of a baby's life. They concern not only the skin reaction, but also the general condition of the child. Every mother should know what diathesis looks like, because. no one is immune from its development, but the early correction of this condition helps to stop the progression. It is necessary to differentiate diathesis from, various etiologies, etc.

Skin symptoms

Mucosal lesions

"Geographic tongue" - a characteristic lesion of the mucous membrane of the tongue in the form geographical map. The symptom occurs due to uneven desquamation of the cellular layer of the mucous membrane
Damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, manifested by unstable stools, dysbacteriosis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Respiratory mucosal injury: persistent,
Eye lesion: allergic conjunctivitis
Mucosal damage Bladder: cystitis

General symptoms

Causeless crying and crying of a child
bad dream
Loss of appetite

Other types of diathesis

Lymphatic diathesis

This is an insufficiency of the lymphatic system, due to the low activity of the thymus gland. along with an increase in lymph nodes, there is a decrease in the activity of the adrenal glands, a tendency to allergies and dermatitis. Including. infectious, due to insufficient immune response from the skin and mucous membranes in conditions of inhibition of the production of immunoglobulins. For children with this anomaly of the constitution, longer limbs and a relatively short torso, enlarged lymph nodes, tonsils, and thymus are typical. When the gland is excessively large, it can interfere with breathing. Often children suffer from anemia.

Nervous-arthritic diathesis

It provokes high nervous excitability and exhaustion. Children with this type of diathesis develop mentally faster, but are more exhausted and restless than their peers. A striking manifestation of this type of diathesis is acetonemic crises, which often scare parents very much and make them look for serious pathologies in the baby. A typical crisis caused by the accumulation of ketone bodies (acetone) in the blood is several episodes of vomiting, in which the child turns pale and falls into a lethargic sleepy state up to loss of consciousness.

The starting point is almost always stress or dietary error (long fasting period, protein or fat load). The release of anti-insulin hormones or a deficiency of sugars leads to a system of metabolic reactions, as a result of which an excess of ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetic and beta-hydroxybutyric acids) floats in the blood. These substances act on the central nervous system depressing (up to a coma), increase tissue oxygen demand (provoke oxygen starvation of tissues, ischemia), spasm blood vessels, irritate the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract (vomiting).

Children are prone to obesity diabetes, renal pathologies. Violation of the metabolism of uric acid is a harbinger of gout in adulthood.

Treatment

Treatment of diathesis is a serious problem, it does not always bring results, which largely depends on the actions of the parents. When diathesis appears, to begin with, a nursing mother should:

switch to a rigid diet (water cereals, crackers) and look at the child's reaction.
bathe the child 2 times a day in an infusion of string, sage or make starch baths, furatsilin or soda lotions.

Feeding a nursing mother

Diathesis in a baby is also a mother's addiction to sweets, and to smoked and sausage products, even dairy products, fruits, chicken meat consumed by a nursing mother can provoke diathesis in a baby (see). Modern production - antibiotics and feed for poultry and livestock, nutritional supplements in finished products, chemicals in the cultivation of vegetables and fruits, processing of meat, fruits and vegetables for further storage saturate products with harmful substances that accumulate in the body and can cause an inadequate reaction in children.

Techniques to help reduce food allergenicity

Cooking methods: boiling, steaming, baking.
Soaking cereals and vegetables before cooking in cold water for at least 10-12 hours.
Boil meat for 20 minutes in water, which should then be drained. The semi-finished product can be stewed or further cooked until tender.
When purchasing finished products, you should carefully read the composition: the fewer components there, especially unknown ones, the better.

Proper feeding and care of the newborn

as early as possible attachment to the breast;
exclusively breast-feeding at least up to six months (WHO recommendation);
compliance with a hypoallergenic diet by a nursing mother;
at artificial feeding careful selection of a mixture that does not give an allergic reaction (special therapeutic mixtures on hydrolysates, soy protein, fermented milk mixtures)
properly organized complementary foods (see). For the first acquaintance with vegetables (and this is in 5-6 months), zucchini, cauliflower, potatoes and turnips are suitable. Vegetables should be soaked for 12 hours in cold water, and only then mashed from them;
the gradual introduction of complementary foods, the exclusion of the introduction of 2 different products on the same day;
tracking individual reactions to the product and eliminating it from the diet - keeping a food diary;
exclusion of previously known allergenic products and components from the diet.

Subsequently, during the transition of the baby to an adult table, you need to be very careful with typical allergenic foods such as eggs, honey, nuts, red fruits and vegetables, and canned food. New foods are introduced into the diet in scanty quantities, and the later the better.

Care

frequent change of linen (bed and underwear);
the use of neutral detergents for washing baby clothes and clothes (see);
regular skin toilet after urination and defecation;
daily baths;
exclusion of joint bathing by mother and child;
the use of neutral skin care and washing products specifically designed for sensitive skin;
regular nail trimming;
minimizing household allergens in the child's environment: animal hair, dust, soft toys...

General medical treatment

Antihistamines

Allergy drugs of the 1st generation, in addition to the main action, have a slight sedative effect, therefore, they can be prescribed for severe anxiety of the child, insomnia, constant crying. They are prescribed for 10-14 days with a change of the drug every 5 days. Drugs of choice: suprastin, tavegil, pipolfen.
Antihistamine 2 generations have a pronounced anti-allergic effect, do not have hypnotic activity, therefore they can be prescribed for long-term use for 3-5 weeks. Drugs of choice: claritin, zyrtec, elastin (see).

Sedatives

With severe crying and anxiety, it can be prescribed

Probiotics

With concomitant, laboratory-confirmed dysbacteriosis, a course of one of the drugs is prescribed: Bifidumbacterin, Normobact, and others (see).

Immunomodulators

Currently, the need to prescribe drugs that correct and increase immunity is controversial and criticized by many doctors (see). The immune system in children is not mature, regardless of whether he suffers from diathesis or not. An additional drug load on the already imperfect, weakened immunity in such children can lead to pathological reactions and the launch of autoimmune processes.

Local drug treatment

During the period of exacerbation of widespread diathesis, daily ten-minute baths are indicated:

with weeping eczema with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate);
with diaper rash with infusion of succession, sage, starch. An infusion of herbs is prepared by pouring a glass of boiling water over 1 tbsp. vegetable raw materials, insisting for 20 minutes and then adding the filtered solution to a bath of water.
To prepare a starch bath 2 tbsp. starch is dissolved in 50 grams of cold water, topped up with two glasses of boiling water and the resulting starch jelly is poured into a bath of water.

After the bath, you should carefully lubricate the folds of the skin with pre-boiled and cooled vegetable oil.

Furacillin lotions- for the treatment of allergic rashes lotions at a concentration of 1/2 or 1/4 tablets of furacilin per glass of water. Lotions are kept on the elements until they turn pale, periodically wetting the cotton wool in the solution.
Soda lotions to relieve itching: 1 tsp. baking soda dissolved in a glass of chilled boiled water. Rubbing movements are not allowed - just gently apply the lotion to the inflamed skin.
With dryness and peeling, it is enough to lubricate the skin with neutral emollient creams or baby oil.
Ointment for diathesis - not understanding the etiology of the problem, many parents buy ointments on their own, relying on the fact that they will eliminate diathesis. This is fundamentally wrong. Ointment is only a symptomatic treatment of one of the manifestations of diathesis.

Non-hormonal ointments

Guzhienko paste (zinc + diphenhydramine) - ordered at a pharmacy, made from an alcohol solution of diphenhydramine and zinc paste.


Elidel (pimecrolimus) from 3 months, gently rub into the skin 2-3 r / day	Fenistil gel (dimethindene maleate) from 1 month, thin layer 2-3 r / day	Bepanthen Dexpanthenol, 1-2 r / day

la cree walnut extracts, - licorice, succession, bisabolol and panthenol.	Tsindol (zinc oxide)	Desitin (zinc oxide)

With the addition of a bacterial infection

Vishnevsky (xeroform, tar, castor oil)
(methyluracil, chloramphenicol)
Powder Xeroform

Scheduled vaccinations

Scheduled vaccinations can be carried out only 1 month after the fact of exacerbation of diathesis. In the pre-vaccination period (3 days) and after vaccination, antihistamines are prescribed for 7-10 days.

Prevention of diathesis

A newborn with a burdened allergic history is immediately exposed to an allergic attack of the environment, so the prevention of diathesis should be carried out even in the prenatal period.

If a pregnant woman or her mother had a history of diathesis, there are allergic pathologies, the most allergenic foods (chocolate, strawberries, honey, nuts, smoked meats, etc.) should be excluded from the diet. In no case should you smoke - not only is this a direct risk of intrauterine pathologies, smoking exacerbates the allergic mood of the body.

Forecast

Diathesis, which can be brought under control, gradually fades away by 2-4 years. The child becomes resistant to the action of previously dangerous allergens, tolerates cow protein, eggs, fruits, etc. well. Children whose diathesis proceeds without visible improvement, with constant periods of exacerbation, are at risk of becoming allergic patients with severe immunodeficiency in the future.

Diathesis (allergic dermatitis, the child's tendency to various allergic diseases) in the form of bright red cheeks in babies manifests itself most often from one to three years. In this case, such symptoms can occur in a baby who previously had no problems with digestion, allergies, skin. Such spots appear quite crowded, in most cases they are located on the cheeks, but they can also pass to the neck, chest, inner surfaces of the elbows.

The child becomes irritable, constantly wants to scratch itchy cheeks, from which the itching only increases, and the cheeks are combed to wounds. In the future, such diathesis spots become covered with a crust, peel off at the edges, and can get wet. The child's stool is disturbed, constipation or diarrhea appears, the baby complains of a sore throat or cough.

Causes of diathesis

There are many causes of diathesis, occurring both in the prenatal period and at birth. These include:

Hereditary factors and predisposition to skin and immune diseases.
The use of drugs during pregnancy.
Environment with harmful impurities from industrial production, gas pollution, dust.
Early introduction of complementary foods.
Infections. Expressed in bacterial and viral effects.
Violation of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.
Disruption of the digestive system.
Broken sleep pattern.

Pay close attention to your child's diet. If you need to make a menu, consult a doctor. Independent experiments with the child's body will only worsen the condition of the baby.

Improper nutrition of the mother during pregnancy and breastfeeding are common causes of diathesis. The consumption of egg and milk proteins, citrus fruits, caviar, canned food, berries and honey cause an allergic reaction even in adults. Rarely, but there is an allergy due to natural breast milk, and the treatment of diathesis in children under one year is more difficult than in older adults.

Kinds

Depending on the individual characteristics of the organism and some external factors, diathesis can be different. In medical practice, the following types of childhood diseases can be diagnosed:

Exudative catarrhal or allergic diathesis. The most common type is allergic, it occurs in infants aged 3-6 months and can disappear under favorable conditions by 1-1.5 years without a trace or develop into chronic form allergies.
Hemorrhagic. Hemorrhagic diathesis in children is a clinical and hematological syndrome that includes a whole group of acquired and hereditary diseases. A common feature is a severe and rather dangerous predisposition of a small organism to bleeding. Any violation of the vascular wall can lead to severe external or internal bleeding.
neuro-arthritic. The phenomenon is quite rare, but it is a serious disease. The reason for its development is a violation of protein metabolism, genetically determined. An increased amount of uric acid is deposited in the joints in the form of crystals. Therefore, this form of childhood diathesis is practically not amenable to correction and persists throughout life. So the treatment of diathesis in infants and older children in this case is aimed at maintaining the general condition of the baby.
Exudative. Exudative diathesis in medical practice is also called atopic dermatitis. This is not so much an independent disease as a constitutional feature of the child. It is based on intolerance to certain food products, due to which various disturbances in water and fat metabolism occur. Allergies can be caused by cow's milk, honey, egg white, chocolate, citrus fruits, cocoa, strawberries, and other products. Another name for the disease is exudative-catarrhal diathesis.
Uric acid. A disease characterized by a metabolic disorder in the process of formation and filtration of urine. In this state, salts in the form of sand precipitate a red hue, and then crystallize. The consequence is urolithiasis. The analyzes reveal serious violations of the qualitative composition of children's urine, as well as its daily amount. Indicators such as acidity and density change: they increase.

Each of the varieties has a certain set of characteristics, differs in its genesis and treatment. Diathesis is always especially difficult in children under one year old, which disrupts the baby's normal life. The causes of the disease can be a variety of factors - due not only to the internal characteristics of the body, but also to external circumstances.

Symptoms and signs of diathesis, photo

What does diathesis look like in a child (see photo)? Recognizing the disease is easy:

cheeks redden, peel off;
weeping areas appear in many places;
spots become bright red, covered with well-aimed bubbles;
rashes itch;
red spots appear on the legs, buttocks, elbows
mucous membranes become inflamed;
the crown is covered with scales of a grayish hue;
seborrheic crusts form on the head;
diaper rash last a long time, are difficult to treat.

Most cases of diathesis were recorded in infants and in children under one year old. An allergic reaction develops in the first months of life due to the imperfection of many body systems.

In children aged 2–12 years, the disease can progress to adolescence. Symptoms of diathesis in children:

after contact with the allergen, rashes appear on the skin;
some parts of the body turn red;
itching occurs;
the child sweats for no reason.

After 15 years of manifestation disappears. If this does not happen, neurodermatitis develops. Symptoms:

dry, hard skin in the perineum, on the elbows, hips, and other parts of the body;
manifestations of neurodermatitis are aggravated under the influence of provoking factors.

In some cases, the tendency to allergies is inherited.

How to treat diathesis in a child?

Each type of diathesis needs etiological treatment. Let's take a closer look at how to cure different types anomalies.

Treatment of exudative-catarrhal diathesis

This type of pathology can be cured only in a complex way. First of all, you need to follow the daily routine and diet.

Diet means:

Restriction of cow's milk. It is better to partially replace mixtures with fermented milk products.
Compliance with a strict feeding schedule.
The introduction of complementary foods in infants not earlier than 6 months.
Enrichment of the diet with vitamins;
Exclusion of fatty meats, broths, citrus fruits, bananas, strawberries, honey, tomatoes, nuts, cocoa, chocolate, smoked meats.

Medical treatment:

In severe cases, Histoglobulin is prescribed, after a preliminary test.
Antihistamines: Fenistil, Zyrtec, Suprastin.
Absorbents - Enterosgel, Smecta.
Phenobarbital, Barbamil, Valerian are used to improve sleep and reduce itching.
Salts of calcium.
Vitamin therapy: Thiamine bromide and chloride, Retinol acetate, Calcium pangamate, Ascorbic acid, Pyridoxine hydrochloride, Rutin, Riboflavin.
In case of infectious inflammation of the skin, antibiotics are prescribed - Ampiox, Gentamicin;
With lethargy, adynamia, Thyreoidin is used.
For constipation - Dufalac, systemic intake of magnesium sulfate inside.

You can smear the affected areas of the skin on the priest, cheeks with such diathesis remedies:

Pasta Lassara.
Silver nitrate.
Chamomile infusion or boric alcohol solution.
Talkers with talc, zinc.
When skin is infected, brilliant green, iodine, Castellani paint, geolimycin ointment are used.

With diathesis, accompanied by severe itching and severe dermatitis, hormonal ointments are indicated:

Dermozolon, Oxycort;
Flucinar;
Prednisolone ointment.

In addition, from diathesis, you can use ointments and creams that have a drying and anti-allergic effect:

Sudocrem;
Fenistil;
Advantan;
Zinc ointment;

With severe lesions of the child's skin, you can bathe in a bath with decoctions of herbs of violets, succession, chamomile, oak bark. After the bath, the baby's body is treated with sour powder.

Nervous-arthritic diathesis

With neuro-arthritic diathesis, it is important to follow a diet. What can you feed your baby:

fruits vegetables;
rye flour products;
cereals containing starch;
milk products.

Diet restrictions:

fats;
sweets;
mushrooms;
meat, including poultry;
nuts;
fish.

Complete rejection of such products:

cocoa, coffee;
offal;
chocolate;
carbonated drinks;
legumes;
rich broths.

At the heart of drug therapy are drugs that affect the synthesis of uric acid, its excretion and a decrease in the level of ketone bodies:

Allopurinol;
Urodan;
Etamide;
calcium pantothenate.

Cholagogues, sedatives, vitamins of group B are also used. With acetonemic vomiting, gastric lavage and a cleansing enema are necessary.

Treatment of lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis

The treatment is based on measures to strengthen and stimulate the immune system:

massage;
gymnastics;
hardening.

Of the medicines used:

courses of adaptogens - Pentoxyl, Eleutherococcus;
vitamins;
with adrenal insufficiency - glucocorticoids.

How to treat hemorrhagic diathesis

Treatment includes:

vitamins;
glucocorticoids;
coagulation factors;
to stop bleeding: hemostatic sponge, pressure bandage, cold;
for resorption of subcutaneous hemorrhages - physiotherapy;
transfusion of blood or plasma.

Surgical treatment is carried out by removing the spleen, defective vessels, replacing the affected joints, puncturing the joints to remove hematomas.

Folk remedies

There are a large number of recipes used in the treatment of diathesis with folk remedies:

A decoction of crushed wheatgrass root: give the composition to the child several tablespoons a day.
Water infusion with burdock root. Daily use of 3-4 tbsp. per day will give results within the first weeks.
Bathing a child with the addition of a decoction of a string of chamomile. The procedure relieves irritation, itching, discomfort.
3 tbsp Viburnum bark is poured with 2 cups of boiling water and boiled for half an hour. One teaspoon a day is enough for a quick cure.
The shell of an egg boiled and washed with soda dries for 2-3 days. After it is crushed to add to the usual food. The discomfort caused by diathesis disappears.

Baby care

As a rule, the tendency to allergies is not limited to skin manifestations, and over time the child becomes more sensitive to other potential allergens. To reduce the risk of sensitization of the child's body, perform a number of basic measures:

Use clothes only from natural fabrics.
Wash baby clothes and diapers, as well as your own home clothes, with special baby powder or baby soap, and then iron them ( heat destroys allergens).
Do not get pets, and if you already have one, avoid contact between the animal and the child. The animal should not enter the room where the baby sleeps.
Do not give your baby soft toys, but check hard toys made of plastic and rubber for a quality certificate.
Try to do daily wet cleaning at least in the baby's room.
Minimize the number of "dust collectors" (upholstered furniture, carpets, books and clothes in open closets, etc.) in the baby's room.
To care for the skin and hair of a child, use special medical children's cosmetics. It is not necessary to purchase expensive brands, but it should be medical cosmetics(lines "Emolium", "Lipikar", creams such as Bepanten, Skin-cap, Topikrem). Special products gently moisturize the skin without causing irritation and allergic reactions.

If a child is ill, do not give him medicines without a doctor's prescription - many preparations contain allergenic flavors and dyes.

Unfortunately, even those newborns who are breastfed often have allergic reactions. What can we say about those crumbs that receive artificial nutrition! The most common types of diathesis in children are exudative (atopic dermatitis), neuro-arthritic and lymphatic-hypoplastic. Each of them has its own treatment.

Speaking about what diathesis are in children, it is first of all worth describing exudative (atopic dermatitis). Manifestations of exudative diathesis in the form of damage to the skin and mucous membranes of varying degrees have more than half of the babies in the first year of life. Currently, the term "exudative diathesis" in children has been replaced by a new name - atopic dermatitis, but the essence of the disease has not changed from the renaming.

Allergies are the main cause of atopic dermatitis in children. In some children, diathesis is intermittent and short-term, while in others it grows with them, transforming in the future into numerous allergic diseases.

Children who suffer the most from atopic dermatitis are artificial children. Everything is explained quite simply. The barrier function of the intestines and liver in infants is significantly reduced due to anatomical and physiological characteristics. Therefore, the intestinal wall is very permeable for large molecules that have not had time to split, playing the role of allergens, and freely passes them into the bloodstream. And the liver with a weakly expressed neutralizing ability is not able to cope with aggressive molecules, and they quietly circulate in the body, causing allergic reactions.

The list of allergenic products can be continued indefinitely, since each individual child has "his" specific "enemies". But the most dangerous products that cause clinical manifestations of exudative diathesis in most children are cow's milk, eggs, chocolate, citrus fruits, nuts, strawberries, and fish. Children who receive mother's breasts are reliably protected from diathesis, but in some cases, manifestations of diathesis appear in them when the mother consumes allergenic products.

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis in children can appear already in the first days after birth in the form of yellowish scales on the head and diaper rash in the skin folds.

As can be seen in the photo, exudative diathesis in children most often manifests itself in the form of redness and peeling of the cheeks (the so-called "milk scab"):

With atopic dermatitis, the infant tolerates the diathesis “blush” quite calmly, but sometimes itchy cheeks annoy him, and he is able to comb them. Properly adjusted nutrition can cope with diathesis, and the skin is completely cleansed. There may be exacerbations of the process that occur when the diet is violated, under the influence of preventive vaccination, with the development of dysbacteriosis, with any disease.

A strongly pronounced process becomes a real disaster for the baby and the whole family.

Look at the photo - with atopic dermatitis in children, extensive reddened areas with multiple vesicles appear on the skin, which burst and merge with each other, forming weeping surfaces, covered with crusts, often with the addition of a secondary purulent infection:

The child becomes restless and irritable, and constant skin itching makes sleep superficial and intermittent. Appetite suffers: sometimes it decreases, but more often it rises, and the child becomes full, loose, and in the fat folds, the manifestations of diathesis find the most favorable conditions for themselves. Often there is an unstable stool associated with changes in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, enzymatic deficiency and impaired absorption of nutrients.

You can see how the manifestations of this type of diathesis in children look like in the photo below:

Children with exudative diathesis are prone to respiratory infections, often with obstructive syndrome (bronchospasm), stenosis of the larynx (false croup), conjunctivitis, dysbacteriosis, intestinal infections.

AT last years worldwide there is an extraordinary surge of allergic diseases, including manifestations of exudative diathesis in children of the first year of life. Therefore, doctors strongly urge young women to take care of the prevention of exudative diathesis in a child during pregnancy and exclude allergenic foods from their diet. The same requirements apply to a nursing mother, and the "artificial" should pick up adapted mixture that doesn't cause allergies. It's easy to say "pick up". In fact, this process is long, nervous and expensive, since each pack of the mixture after an unsuccessful trial portion becomes unnecessary, undermining the family budget and forcing the purchase of the next one.

How to treat atopic dermatitis in baby: preparations for the treatment of children

Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children is not only diet therapy.

It is very important to introduce a sufficient amount of vitamins into the body:

vitamin B6 - 50-75 mg per day;
vitamin A - 5-7-10 thousand IU per day for 3 weeks;
vitamin E - 25-30 mg per day;
calcium pantothenate (vitamin B5) - 100 mg per day;
calcium pangamate (vitamin B15) - 50-100 mg per day.

Effective drugs for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children with an exacerbation of the process due to a clear violation of the diet are adsorbents for binding allergens in the gastrointestinal tract and removing them from the body: activated charcoal, smecta, polyphepan, polysorb, enterosgel.

Before treating atopic dermatitis in a child, be sure to consult an allergist. It is known that exudative diathesis and food allergies go hand in hand with dysbacteriosis. Therefore, the complex treatment of atopic dermatitis in children includes drugs that improve the state of the intestinal microflora: lactobacterin, bifidumbacterin, euflorin, linex, etc. in courses of 10 days.

Of great importance is the use of antihistamines (suprastin, tavegil, claritin, fenistil, zirtek), courses of 7-10 days and trace elements (calcium, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium).

How to help a child with atopic dermatitis: the best treatments

Damaged skin needs increased attention and careful care. To help a child with atopic dermatitis, clothing should only be made of cotton fabrics. Don't wrap the baby! Increased sweating increases itching and leads to an exacerbation of the process. Avoid using soaps and detergents that degrease the skin. When bathing a child, use herbal decoctions (string, celandine, chamomile). Wash linen only with baby soap and rinse thoroughly. In many children, the manifestations of exudative diathesis are aggravated by the use of disposable diapers. We'll have to abandon them and switch to gauze. But the oilcloth, placed under the sheet, contributes to the aggravation of the process. In this case, use disposable cotton diapers with increased absorbency. They will save the crib and upholstered furniture from "flooding".

A good therapeutic effect has a stay in the gentle sun (do not abuse it!) And bathing in sea water(possible in a bath with the addition of sea salt).

With extensive weeping areas, lotions are used with a 2% solution of tannin, a 0.25% solution of zinc sulfate, a 5% solution of Burov's liquid, decoctions of plantain, chamomile. Such a treatment for atopic dermatitis in children as Calamine lotion, which has a drying, soothing, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory effect, has proven itself very well. After you have coped with weeping, you can apply ointments: naftalan, intal, indomethacin.

Do not get carried away with hormonal ointments! Their prolonged use can cause dystrophic changes in the skin. With severe itching, infusions of valerian, mint leaves, dill seeds, decoctions of string, nettle, plantain (inside) are used.

For the treatment of secondary infection, a 1-2% solution of brilliant green, a 0.5-1% solution of methylene blue, a solution of potassium permanganate 1:5000, and heliomycin ointment are used.

The best measure for the prevention and treatment of exudative diathesis is prolonged breastfeeding and the creation of a hypoallergenic environment in the apartment.

Think about whether the presence of a four-legged (cat, dog), flying (parrot, canary) or swimming (fish) pet in the house is not a provoking factor.

Lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis in children: symptoms and treatment

Such an anomaly of the constitution as lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis in children is characterized by persistent enlargement of the lymph nodes, proliferation of lymphoid tissue (adenoids, tonsils), overweight and frequent diseases.

About 10% of children in the first year of life have pronounced manifestations of lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis.

These children are usually pale, flabby, emotionally lethargic, lethargic, physical development from peers, since the muscles are poorly developed, its tone is lowered, and the skin is flabby, folded. The growth of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx leads to an increase in the tonsils and the growth of adenoids, which is manifested by a violation of nasal breathing, frequent runny noses and a deterioration in cerebral blood supply. And this, in turn, leads to a decrease in efficiency, a decrease in memory, and a dispersion of attention. Therefore, do not be surprised if the teacher kindergarten says that your child is inattentive in class, is distracted by extraneous matters, and does not learn the material well. Take measures to improve, do not transfer the problem from kindergarten to school.

In the group of long-term and frequently ill children (DCHB) allocated by doctors, the bulk are children with lymphatic diathesis.

These children are most susceptible to frequent respiratory infections, adenoiditis, purulent otitis, lymphadenitis, chronic tonsillitis, tonsillitis, pyelonephritis. This is understandable, because the growth of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx creates the basis for the formation of a focus of chronic infection. From there, microbes penetrate through a wide and short auditory tube directly into the ears - here you have otitis media, or they spread throughout the body with blood flow, causing inflammation in distant organs (pyelonephritis).

The examination often reveals an increase in the thymus gland, functional changes in the cardiovascular system, skin manifestations similar to rashes with exudative diathesis, changes in clinical and biochemical blood tests.

The main points in the treatment of children with lymphatic diathesis are rational nutrition (breastfeeding!), adherence to the daily routine, hardening procedures, massage and gymnastics, sanitation of foci of chronic infection.

The child should receive sufficient doses of vitamins, trace elements and adaptogens that stimulate the body's defenses.

For the treatment of lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis, from modern immunostimulants, immunal, bronchomunal, thymogen, viferon and others recommended by the doctor for a particular patient are used.

Nervous-arthritic diathesis in children: photos and symptoms

Such an anomaly of the constitution, as neuro-arthritic diathesis in children, has its main hallmark increased nervous excitability, noted in children almost from birth and not decreasing as they grow older.

In mental development, they are far ahead of their peers: they start talking early, learn to read on their own, have a good memory, easily memorize a long poem and are able to retell the content of any book or TV show in their own words. They are curious and enjoy learning. The people around them consider them geeks and predict a great future for them.

And only parents know how much patience and endurance is required to communicate with such a child, who has an unbalanced and excitable nervous system. It is characterized by emotional instability, easy transition from laughter to tears and vice versa. He is not alien to nightmares and fear of the dark. Strong external stimuli (loud sound, bright flash of light, dog barking, pungent smell) can provoke a nervous tic or convulsive contractions of the muscles of the limbs in such a child. He does not tolerate many foods, and in general, any food disgusts him. Parents take him to the doctors to somehow improve his appetite, but anorexia is persistent and cannot be treated.

As can be seen in the photo, children with neuro-arthritic diathesis have a low body weight, look slender and graceful:

Only a small proportion of children have a tendency to be overweight with early years, and girls begin to gain weight dramatically, entering puberty.

A child with neuro-arthritic diathesis is capricious, stubborn, strives to insist on his own and achieve his demands at any cost. Often complains of malaise and fatigue. The most common symptoms of neuro-arthritic diathesis are nausea, pain in the abdomen, in the muscles of the limbs, severe migraine-type headaches, the appearance of a skin rash in the form of urticaria, an allergic reaction to mosquito bites, and an obsessive unproductive cough. Also characteristic symptoms neuro-arthritic diathesis in children is an acetone crisis (acetone vomiting), indicating a violation of metabolic processes in the body. Suddenly or after a short malaise, pain in the abdomen without a specific localization, nausea and uncontrollable vomiting, leading to severe weakness and dehydration, appear. The smell of acetone (rotten apples) appears from the child's mouth, indicating a violation of the acid-base balance towards acidosis.

These photos show signs of neuro-arthritic diathesis in young children:

The development of the crisis is facilitated by acute illnesses, nervous stress, force-feeding, violation of the diet (consumption of legumes, tomatoes, chocolate, coffee, cocoa).

Children with neuro-arthritic diathesis require a delicate and careful attitude, the exclusion of intense mental stress and violent influences (compulsions, orders). It is necessary to create a friendly atmosphere in the family, excluding showdown and conversations in raised tones. It is desirable to create a daily regimen that alternates periods of work and rest, mental and physical activities, including daily walks and physical education.

Treatment of neuro-arthritic diathesis in children, diet and nutrition

Of great importance in the treatment of neuro-arthritic diathesis in children is given diet food aimed at preventing acetonemic crises. The diet of a child with neuro-arthritic diathesis should be dominated by dairy products, vegetables, fruits and cereals. Introduce meat, poultry and fish into the diet 2-3 times a week in the form of boiled or stewed dishes.

Exclude strong broths, meat of young animals (veal, chickens), sausages, mushrooms, some vegetables (spinach, sorrel, asparagus, cauliflower, legumes, parsley), strong tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate.

With the development of an acetone crisis, without waiting for the arrival of a doctor, start the fight against acidosis and dehydration, that is, give the child alkaline drinks: rehydron, glucosolan, oralit, alkaline mineral water, 0.5-1% solution of drinking soda. Drinking water has its own characteristics: in small portions (so as not to provoke vomiting), but often. In the treatment of neuro-arthritic diathesis, cleansing enemas are useful, which accelerate the excretion of ketone bodies from the body. For the same purpose, the intake of enterosorbents (activated carbon, polyphepan, enterosgel, smecta) is shown.

Children should periodically receive treatment with vitamins (calcium pantothenate, B), drugs that stimulate metabolic processes (potassium orotate) and protect the liver (Essentiale, LIV-52, etc.).