Activities for the prevention of HIV infection at school. AIDS Primary Prevention Program

Education and awareness is the most effective method of HIV/AIDS prevention among adolescents and youth. Possessing significant intellectual, organizational, methodological, and informational potential, work on HIV/AIDS prevention by means of education can not only significantly reduce the threat of contracting a dangerous infection, but also create in the younger generation psychological attitudes moral lifestyle and physical health, neutralize the stereotypes of asocial behavior and promote the orientation of young people to traditional spiritual values.

At the beginning of the 21st century, a situation has developed in Russia when the growing youth do not have a cultural support (social institutions that allow them to develop personal resources) that would allow them to effectively adapt to the environment and cope with everyday problems and stressful situations. Presented to himself, the teenager turns to deviant and delinquent forms of behavior, with the help of which he tries to cope with the demands of the environment. In addition to the knowledge and skills acquired at school, a teenager needs knowledge and skills that allow him to effectively solve life problems (choosing a profession, searching for life path, making friends, creating a family, choosing spiritual landmarks and finding one's own identity). Research has shown that HIV/AIDS prevention is linked to the prevention of substance use. At the same time, only methods of informing and intimidation are not effective enough among adolescents. Given the above, of particular interest may be programs based on the principle of “peer educate peers”, when a group of volunteers undergo special training in the HIV/AIDS prevention program and then work in a youth environment.

Objectives: 1. to generalize and expand the knowledge gained by children about AIDS; 2. to instill in children a responsible attitude towards their health as opposed to the growing threat of AIDS infection among schoolchildren. 3. to form the skills of safe behavior in everyday life. 4. form an understanding that health is a priceless gift. 5. educate children tolerant attitude towards HIV-infected. Form of carrying out: class hour - (group lesson - discussion).

Structure of the class hour: The class hour of informational nature consists of a preliminary survey of children to test their knowledge about the problem of AIDS. At the end, the guys will have to do creative work on the topic " writing syncwine". In conclusion, the results are summed up, self-testing, and you can also hold a competition of drawings on the topic.

Contents: Preliminary survey of students "Level of knowledge on the topic" Appendix 1-2 Introductory speech on the topic "How to protect your body and maintain health." Conversation with students about the causes of the disease of the body with the simultaneous display of the slide film “Health of a teenager”. Bibliography.

This anonymous testing is carried out in order to find out about the awareness of young people on the topic of HIV / AIDS. Circle the number with the correct answer. Please answer sincerely. TEST 1 Indicate: Gender _______________ Age ____________ 1. What body system does the HIV virus infect? A) immune B) nervous C) sexual 2. From what moment after infection can a person infect others? A) after the end of the window period B) in the AIDS stage C) from the moment of being infected 3. Can a person be HIV-positive and not know about it? A) yes B) no C) don't know 4. How long after the alleged infection should I take an HIV test? A) the next day B) a week later C) 3-6 months later 5. A negative HIV test result guarantees the absence of the virus in the body A) yes B) no C) I don’t know

6. You can get HIV: A) through a mosquito bite B) with a kiss C) with unprotected sexual contact 7. HIV is not transmitted: A) through blood B) through airborne droplets C) through breast milk 8. Imagine that someone in your environment is HIV positive. How would you react to this person? A) I will treat this person as if he were healthy B) I will treat this person with tolerance, but I will try to stay away from him C) I will try to leave immediately and not see this person again D) I I will insist that this man is not allowed into public places(for example, my school, college), where we can meet with him Thank you for participating!

Scenario Host1: today we will talk about how to protect the body and maintain health, and there are many enemies that destroy our health. Currently, the problem of health is becoming more and more urgent. One of the main reasons is the negligent attitude of a person to his own body. What is the meaning of the concept of health? To answer this question, remember proverbs, sayings, sayings about health. For example: folk wisdom says: “I lost money - I didn’t lose anything, I lost time - I lost a lot, I lost my health - I lost everything!” (students take turns pronouncing proverbs and sayings about health prepared by them)

Presenter 2: Let's draw a conclusion from what has been said. Health is ………. (student answers sound) V.O.Z. "Health is a state of complete bodily, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of diseases and injuries" Ozhegov's Dictionary: "Health is the correct, normal activity of the body."

Presenter 1: a person from the very beginning of his existence is threatened by serious enemies. They come unexpectedly, it is not known which side to expect an attack from. they attack without warning. These enemies are pathogenic microbes, they are the cause of infectious diseases.

The human immune system These are white blood cells (cells) that form in the cells of the bone marrow, they include phagocytes and lymphocytes. (Working with a dictionary of terms). Interview with students: Look up the answers to the questions in the glossary. What are white blood cells? What cells are called phagocytes? What cells are called T-lymphocytes? Who are macrophages?

Teacher: There are lymphocytes: T-cells and B-cells. T-lymphocytes of 3 types: Killers - killers of foreign cells; Suppressors - oppressors, regulate immunity; - assistants, help B-cells turn into plasma B-cells and produce antibodies. What are antibodies? (See glossary of terms) Memory B-cells remember the aggressor and are able to provide secondary protection - the production of antibodies. This is how our body's defense system works. Now let's look at the screen.

Immunity Artificial Natural (natural) SPECIFIC immunity to diseases of other animal species ACQUIRED HEREDITARY congenital presence defense mechanisms against some diseases ACTIVE obtained as a result of vaccination PASSIVE obtained as a result of administration of therapeutic serum ACTIVE as a result of disease PASSIVE with mother's milk

The emergence of AIDS was predicted in the early seventies of the 20th century. A brief wording of the prognosis read: In the 80s, a flu-like disease with high mortality may appear. The prediction was based on two ecological rules. First, a niche cannot be empty. Second, an empty niche is most quickly filled by a small, highly variable and evolutionarily more primitive organism.

The ecological niche began to empty as a result of the success of medicine, when many pathogens of infectious diseases were almost completely destroyed. Measures to destroy them were applied quickly and surely, but the strategy was risky: in the fight against infections, one had to be afraid of an absolute victory - the complete destruction of infections. Don't beware. Dormant in the backyard of the biosphere, HIV quickly began to occupy the vacant ecological niche...

We will tell you now. At the same time, there are diseases that depend only on our behavior and lifestyle. It is about these diseases that, unfortunately, a large number of young people suffer from, we will now tell you. it is the absence of disease.

Infection is possible only when a certain amount of the virus is in the body. Through body fluids, which contain only a negligible amount of the virus, infection is practically excluded. Saliva also contains endogenous substances that have a protective effect, so even a small amount of the virus becomes harmless.

HIV can be transmitted if body fluids with a high concentration of the virus penetrate directly into the bloodstream of a person, for example, through microscopic, imperceptible cracks in the mucous membranes of the rectum (which is especially prone to damage), female and male genital organs, and also through a syringe, containing remnants of infected blood.

Researchers find HIV in all body fluids infected patients. At the same time, it was found that the concentration of the virus in individual fluids is different. Virus concentration Habitat Very high Blood, seminal fluid High Vaginal fluid, mother's milk Low Urine, feces Very low Sweat, saliva, tears, nasal secretions

Presenter 2: Nevertheless, medicine does not stand still, and every year more and more new drugs appear. Doctors all over the world live in the hope that in the near future methods of treatment will be found that will help people cope with this serious illness, what everyone needs to know about AIDS in order to prevent infection with the virus. Everyone has a memo "How to protect yourself" on the table. Let's get to know it and remember its content well. So what should we know? (Commented reading by students of the memo aloud).

Basic preventive measures. How to Protect Yourself Guide. Knowing the main ways of transmission of HIV infection, a person should: - follow the rules of personal hygiene: use an individual toothbrush, razor, manicure accessories, etc. - do not try or touch narcotic substances: even a single injection of a drug can lead to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus; - when piercing the ears, use only sterile instruments; - avoid early sexual intercourse, as this can lead to HIV infection, sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies.

Control task: in the proposed tests, indicate with a + or - sign in which situation HIV transmission is possible, and in which it is not. Test HIV transmission routes Handshake, hugging, kissing on the cheek From mother to child (in the womb, at birth, while breastfeeding) Playing together Sneezing, coughing, through saliva Use reusable tableware in the dining room Pets Sexual contact Playing sports Public toilets Working together and living with infected people Hygiene care for AIDS patients Shared needles for injection by drug addicts Passionate kiss Joint check of results, correction of errors.

Discussion Reverse surge Tasks: Formation of new and clarification of existing schoolchildren's ideas about HIV infection and AIDS Discussion of the results of the survey in the class based on the results of the processed questionnaires Generalization of the experience At this stage, it is most effective to conduct a discussion in groups (it is convenient to divide the class into 6 groups - three in support and three opponents) to discuss the following questions: Suggestions for the teacher: Make sure that the students discuss their answers in groups openly and do not pressure the opinions of their peers. They should agree/disagree with the ideas, not with the people who bring them up. Everyone should be able to speak. When debating with the class, make sure all ideas are considered carefully and no one's opinion is taken lightly. Going from one group to another, watch how the students perceive the questions, and how they prepare answers for them, maybe they will need your help. Try to keep the work of the groups focused and interesting.

Reverse Surge ProblemDefensive Arguments Counterarguments Control: A strong control system must be in place to minimize the possibility of healthy people getting AIDS through regulation and control. Rehabilitation: people with AIDS are full citizens of society, they need medical and social assistance. Enlightenment: creating a system of public awareness and the formation of positive moral values

Sinkwine is a special concise record of the main problem under discussion, taking into account a number of requirements. Rules for writing sinkwine: Sinkwine has 5 lines: concept (one word) adjectives (two words) verbs (three words) sentence (of four words) noun (one word) Adjectives and verbs should reveal the concept, and the sentence should have a semantic character.

Grade 10-11 Simultaneous game session” Task: developing your own behavior model in a critical situation. Students receive cards (Fig. 1), which depict a company of teenagers and give instructions for work. It is necessary to do all the described actions and draw a conclusion (listen to one student). Instructions: Before you is a company of teenagers. Each of them has a number from 1 to 15. It is known that: 1 - observes chastity (there is such a person in any company) 2 and 3 - are in love and are faithful to each other. Circle them. The rest of the teens have sexual intercourse. They change partners thoughtlessly and none of them know that one is already infected with HIV. Mark it in a special way (for example, in red). Take a pencil and connect the partners with lines (except 1,2,3). Do this 3 times, each time forming new pairs, not excluding the infected one (preferably in different colors). Now mark those who have been in contact with an HIV-infected person and those who have been in contact with them. What was the result? 1,2,3 were not at risk due to their choice, they are healthy and calm. And the rest? Where were you in this game? Did you win or lose? Think and decide!

Rice

Test, Degree of risk, infection, risk groups There are 3 possible answers: yes, I agree - 3 points I doubt - 2 points No, I do not agree - 1 point 1. I take care of my health (I don’t smoke, I don’t drink alcohol) 2. I know how it is transmitted HIV is an infection and how to protect yourself. 3 I will not have sex at this point in my life 4. I will never inject drugs 5. When I decide to have sex, I will use a condom. 6. I will only have one sexual partner. 7. I would tell my parents if I was charged with HIV. 8. I will not use non-sterile instruments for ear piercing, tattooing, shaving. 9. If I have an idea about HIV infection, I will go to the clinic and get tested. 10. If a school friend or neighbor is HIV-infected, I will keep my friendship with them. 11. I will seek help if I have problems with drug use. 12. I will seek help if I think I have a STD or HIV infection. 34 - 37 - very responsible 31 - 33 - responsible not responsible enough - you are at risk of contracting AIDS.

Criminal liability for HIV infection, provided for by Article 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: “1. Knowingly placing another person in danger of contracting HIV infection is punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to 3 years, or arrest for a term of 3 to 6 months, or imprisonment for a term of up to 1 year. 2. Infecting another person with HIV infection by a person who knew that he had this disease is punishable by imprisonment for up to 5 years.”

Prevention measures: Checking pregnant women for AIDS Checking blood products, donors and donated blood Using only disposable syringes Compliance with the rules for sterilizing surgical and dental instruments discovered.

General conclusions on the class hour (if necessary, written in a notebook): Nature does not tolerate emptiness: an empty ecological niche will certainly be filled with another living system. AIDS is not only a viral or social disease. AIDS is a multifactorial process. Young people can only prevent HIV transmission when they have accurate information and decision-making skills to use it effectively. Anyone who does things that border on the risk of contracting HIV can get AIDS. No one is immune from illness if they put themselves at risk. Each person is responsible for his own actions. December 1 is World AIDS Day. DICTIONARY I. The concepts of HIV, HIV-infection, AIDS. B - virus I - immunodeficiency H - human HIV - infection - an infectious disease in which the human immune system is affected; transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person. (even if a person does not feel anything, he is dangerous in terms of the possibility of infecting others). AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection. C - syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) P - acquired I - immune D - deficiency (lack of response from immune system to the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms) Phagocytes - macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes - migrate to the focus of inflammation, penetrating into the tissues through the walls of the capillaries, absorb and digest the antigen. , which are a type of leukocytes, white blood cells. Lymphocytes are the main cells of the immune system, they provide humoral immunity (production of antibodies), cellular immunity (contact interaction with victim cells), and also regulate the activity of cells of other types. to a subclass of gamma globulins found in blood, saliva, milk and other biological fluids of vertebrates. Antibodies are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses, blood proteins globulins

References Belogurov SB, Klimovich V. Yu. Prevention of adolescent drug addiction. Skills of confrontation and resistance to the spread of drug addiction. Visual and methodological aid for conducting classes with adolescents. Center Planitarium. Moscow Belogurov S. B., Klimovich V. Yu. Prevention of adolescent drug addiction. Visual-methodical manual for teachers and parents. Center Planitarium. Moscow Internet resources. Cool watch. Grade 11. / Comp. N. I. Eremenko. - Volgograd: Teacher - AST, p. Local newspaper Vremya for November 20, 2004. N. I. Derekleeva. Parent meeting classes. - M.: VAKO, p. - (Pedagogy. Psychology. Management). N. I. Derekleeva. Handbook of the class teacher classes. - M.: VAKO, p. - (Pedagogy. Psychology. Management).

Over the past 15 years, HIV prevention among young people has prevented at least 1.5 million new infections, according to UNICEF. And the spread of antiretroviral therapy has saved about 8 million lives. Mass prevention of HIV / AIDS among adolescents and young people not only reduced the number of infections, but also made it possible to debunk a lot of myths and prejudices about immunodeficiency. But the fight against the terrible virus is not over.

Youth and AIDS: depressing statistics

Despite the truly significant achievements, AIDS is still one of the leading causes of death for children aged 10-16 worldwide. Globally, in 2016, young people in this age group experienced an average of about 20 new HIV infections every minute in 2016. Adolescents are not becoming more irresponsible, just a natural increase in population means an increase in the total number of infections. Girls are especially vulnerable. About 65 percent of new cases of infection with a dangerous infection falls on the weaker sex. As for boys, 80% of infections are among those who have had a homosexual experience.

The good news is that HIV infection is not as dangerous for schoolchildren as it is for older people. The fact is that by about 10 years old, a strong healthy immunity is formed in the body, which quickly and adequately responds to the viral load. In most cases, the infection process is not accompanied by any symptoms, and the virus itself is in a latent state. This greatly reduces the risk of passing HIV to others, as well as the development of AIDS. Timely diagnosis and the start of antiretroviral therapy will allow the child to live a full long life.

Information about AIDS prevention at school

In Russia, measures to prevent AIDS in schools are developed and implemented at the national level. Specialists conduct open lessons, trainings and actions aimed at explaining the concepts of HIV and AIDS for schoolchildren. Teenagers not only learn how to protect themselves from a terrible infection, but also learn how to safely coexist with people who are already infected. Of course, each age group has its own HIV/AIDS activities. The school must hang out a poster or booklet dedicated to the problem.

All activities for the prevention of AIDS in the school can be divided into five main categories:

1. open lessons for individual classes;
2. school-wide meetings with an active discussion of the problem;
3. creative actions (competition of wall newspapers, thematic quizzes);
4. holding "health days";
5. seminars with the involvement of parents.

In some cities, volunteers open separate circles and even HIV prevention schools. Usually such organizations operate at city hospitals. Volunteers, with the involvement of qualified health workers, talk about why it is important to refrain from unprotected sex, and also distribute free condoms.

How is AIDS prevention for younger schoolchildren and kindergarteners?

It is quite difficult for children under 6 years old to explain what the immunodeficiency virus is and why it is dangerous. AT preschool institutions educators can only explain in general terms the structure of the human body. More serious problems are still beyond the understanding of kids. That is why AIDS prevention begins at school. Nevertheless, even before the child enters the first grade, parents can tell in a playful way about what a virus, immunity, death are. Young children love to ask a lot of questions, the main thing is to direct them in the right direction.

AIDS prevention in MBOU (that's what the schools are called) is carried out in the lessons called " the world". Children already know what disease, blood, microbes are. The teacher, usually in a playful way, talks about the immunodeficiency virus. It is enough for younger students to know that AIDS is a serious disease caused by a virus. Be sure to focus on the fact that in children the chances of contracting such a disease are very small. It's too early to discuss sex with younger students. However, worried parents can explain to the baby that any contact with the blood of other people is strictly prohibited, because this can cause AIDS. Activities for schoolchildren in grades 1-3 are limited to conversations and drawings on a given topic.

Pre-Adolescent School HIV Prevention Program

But the prevention of HIV infection at school for students in grades 5-9 is more aggressive. Children of middle (pre-adolescent) age begin to realize the features of their bodies. In biology classes, there are open conversations about intimate relationships. Children aged 10-13 should already be told directly about what AIDS is. Activities at the school are aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle. Various “health days” are arranged, and schoolchildren are allowed to express their own opinion about the terrible disease in the form of wall newspapers and leaflets. The preparation process itself will not only unite classmates, but also initiate local discussions of the problem. Sometimes teachers trust students to prepare a report for a school-wide seminar. It has been proven that the best HIV prevention among young people is the appeal of a classmate, and not a highly qualified, but unfamiliar specialist.

AIDS prevention in school: a plan for high school students

Adolescence is characterized by the emergence of interest in sex, puberty and hormonal disruptions. High school students begin to gather in companies, try alcohol and cigarettes. Many feel peer pressure. Everyone already knows what sex is (well, if only in theory). Therefore, the prevention of AIDS in adolescents is primarily aimed at ensuring safe intimate relationships. Teachers and volunteers spread information about safer sex and also distribute free condoms. Separate lessons are devoted to the dangers of drugs. High school students are shown films about the life of drug addicts and even have excursions to volunteer centers.

HIV/AIDS prevention for schoolchildren in the family circle

Many parents do not tell schoolchildren about AIDS, but place all the responsibility on educational institutions. Indeed, there are a variety of HIV prevention activities at school throughout the year. But a confidential conversation with parents will never be superfluous. Surveys show that more than 70% of children at the age of eight have already heard something about a terrible disease. Unfortunately, HIV prevention in preschools (kindergartens) in countries former USSR not streamed. At best, educators distribute booklets to parents. At school, children begin to share rumors and their own conjectures. Therefore, it is worth talking to a child about a sensitive topic, regardless of whether HIV/AIDS prevention activities are carried out at school.

Of course, information about HIV for schoolchildren cannot be contained in one conversation. AT different ages children will be ready to hear a different amount of information. Do not scare an eight-year-old child with contaminated needles and stories about unprotected sex. For starters, you can simply ask about whether the child was taught about AIDS at school. Both a positive and a negative answer will allow you to start a casual conversation. But the main goal of such a conversation is to provoke the child to ask as many questions as possible. Thus, the dialogue will not go beyond the age and understanding of the child.

It is much easier to talk about AIDS to a teenager. Understanding human anatomy will make it easier to explain how the virus spreads. You can also watch special videos and study printed information together. You should not hope that a teenager will go online and get answers to sensitive questions. Information about AIDS for schoolchildren on the Internet contains a lot of distorted facts and myths. Home HIV prevention among young people is good precisely because it gives them the opportunity to talk individually with everyone. Whereas activities on AIDS at school are carried out en masse. And not every child dares to ask questions that concern him.

Information on HIV prevention at school should help parents decide on topics to talk about at home. There is no need to worry and worry too much, because children very keenly feel the mood of their parents. In fact, if you start holding such conversations back in preschool age, there shouldn't be any problems. Only trust and mutual understanding will allow us to discuss in detail even the most delicate topics.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Voskresenskaya secondary school

PROGRAM

on Primary Prevention of HIV Infection

among students in grades 8-11 and their parents

Program name: - educational programon primary prevention of HIV infection among students in grades 8-11 and their parents

Developer: social educator Lemyagova A.O.

Implementation period: - 2015-2017 academic year

Artist: - educational school

Expected final

implementation results

programs: - Formation of positive motivation for a healthy lifestyle

Formation.

- Formation of tolerance towards HIV-positive people and their immediate environment.

Explanatory note

Health is one of the main components of beauty. The desire to be beautiful, perfect, so natural for a person, is a sure incentive for introducing children to regular physical education, proper nutrition, observance of a healthy lifestyle, rejection of destroyers of health.

It is especially important to lead a healthy lifestyle for the younger generation, adolescents from 13 to 18 years old. After all, at this age there are intense psychological and physical changes, a rapid physiological restructuring of the body. There is a serious hormonal restructuring, puberty. Teenagers are prone to mood swings. Study ceases to be the main and most important task. According to psychologists, personal communication with peers becomes the leading activity at this age. The productivity of mental activity decreases due to the formation of abstract, theoretical thinking, that is, concrete thinking is replaced by logical thinking. It is the new mechanism of logical thinking for the teenager that explains the growth of criticality. He no longer accepts the postulates of adults on faith, he requires proof and justification.

At this time, the life self-determination of a teenager takes place, plans for the future are formed. There is an active search for one's "I" and experimentation in various social roles. A teenager changes himself, tries to understand himself and his abilities. The demands and expectations placed on him by other people change. He is forced to constantly adjust, adapt to new conditions and situations, but this does not always happen successfully.

The problem of the HIV epidemic is a threat to stability modern society which is growing every day. According to official statisticsas of May 1, 2015, it was officially registered933 419 infected with HIV and death reported192 465 of them according to Rospotrebnadzor. According to Rospotrebnadzor, 24,416 HIV-infected patients died in 2014, which is 9% more than in 2013.

The prevalence of HIV infection as of May 1, 2015 was 0.5% among the entire population of Russia, and among the age group of 15-49 years, 0.9% of the population were infected with HIV. The most affected by HIV infection in 2013 were men aged 30-34 years (2.5% of those infected with HIV) and women of the same age (1.4%).

The most affected subjects of the Russian Federation include: Irkutsk (1457.3 registered people living with HIV per 100 thousand population), Sverdlovsk (1428.1), Samara (1346.0), Kemerovo (1333.4), Orenburg (1093.6 ), Leningrad (1087.5) regions, Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region(1060.6), St. Petersburg (927.8), Chelyabinsk (894.5), Ulyanovsk (843.3), Novosibirsk (811.2) regions and the Republic of Crimea (799.2).

In the Russian Federation, HIV infection predominantly affects the young population, but there has been a movement of infection into older age groups. In 2014, new HIV cases were predominantly registered among Russians aged 30-40 (46.8%). There has been a steady upward trend in the number of infected women (the feminization of the epidemic), which leads to an increase in the number of children born to HIV-infected mothers. During the years of the epidemic, more than 135 thousand such children were born, of which 7881 children were diagnosed with HIV infection.

From these statistics, we can conclude that the epidemic affects,not only adults, but also children and all sectors of society. But the development of this epidemic leads to the aggravation of social, economic, psychological and other problems of modern society.

In our country, health authorities have traditionally dealt with the problems associated with the growing spread of HIV / AIDS and the development of countermeasures until recently. But since the epidemic is becoming widespread, any educational institution cannot stand aside.

When carrying out primary prevention of AIDS/HIV at school, it is necessary to choose methods and forms of work, taking into account the peculiarity of adolescence, therefore, inviting specialists from this field (doctors, psychologists, and others) will be especially effective method to involve young people in a healthy lifestyle.

Human health is the most important life value, not only of an individual, but of the whole society.

Goals:

Education of senior students (grades 8-11) of a general education institution and their parents under the program of primary prevention of HIV infection for:

Formation of sustainable positive motivation for a healthy lifestyle;

Formationsskills to counter risk behaviors (including drug use) that contribute to HIV infection.

- formationtolerant attitude towards HIV-positive people and their immediate environment.

Tasks:

collect an application - consent from parents to work with their children on the prevention of AIDS / HIV in

conclude an agreement with the hospital for preventive workAIDS/HIV inadolescent and youth environment.

collection of information related to the prevention and problem of AIDS/HIV.

provide objective information to students, parents (legal representatives) about the problem of the spread of HIV infection among adolescents and youth.

familiarize target groups with the peculiarities of international and Russian legislation in the field of HIV / AIDS and drug addiction prevention

before and after work on this program, to identify their attitudes towards HIV-positive people.

to diagnose studentsparents/legal representativesbefore and after work on this program, to identify their knowledge about AIDS/HIV.

formation of valueattitudes towards their own health and the health of those around them among the target groups - students, parents / legal representatives.

formation of a tolerant attitude towards HIV-positive people and their immediate environment among representatives of the target groups.

formationskills to deal with risky behaviors (including drug use) that contribute to HIV infection

Formation of the concept of personality, its structural components

Formation of effective communication skills, empathy and affiliation.

Formation of ideas about the range of feelings, ways of their manifestation and regulation.

Formation of perceptions of needs in adolescence

Formation of healthy sex-role and family identification

Activate the parent's motivation to educate the child in a healthy lifestyle

Motivate parents to participate in preventive activities

Help parents develop skills to effectively communicate and discuss HIV-related issues with their children.

Summarizing

Program participants .

The program will be implemented by:

school students;

School staff;

Parents;

- various specialists(doctors, psychologists and others).

The main principles of the program implementation.

Health protection is connected with education and upbringing - inseparable elements of school education: education - mastery of knowledge and information; upbringing - the formation of skills for responsible behavior and healthy attitudes, the development of personal and social competence.

Preventive education is based on scientifically established patterns. The developed program is based onbasicprinciplesorganization of preventive education in the field of HIV/AIDS in the educational environment:

The principle of consistency

involves the development and implementation of programmatic preventive measures based on a systematic analysis of the current social and epidemiological situation in relation to HIV infection in the country.

The principle of strategic integrity

determines a single holistic strategy for preventive activities, which determines the main strategic directions and specific activities and actions.

The principle of multidimensionality

educational aspect, forming a basic system of ideas and knowledge about the socio-psychological, medical, legal, moral and ethical consequences of HIV infection.

Social aspect ,focused on the formation of positive moral and ethical values ​​that determine the choice of a healthy lifestyle;

Psychological aspect ,aimed at the formation of stress-resistant personal resources, positive cognitive assessments, as well as attitudes "to be successful", to be able to make a positive alternative choice in a difficult life situation.

• The principle of situational adequacy

means the compliance of preventive actions with the real socio-economic situation in the country and in the educational environment, ensuring continuity, integrity, dynamism, constancy, development and improvement of preventive activities, taking into account the assessment of the effectiveness and monitoring of the situation.

• The principle of individual adequacy

implies the development of preventive programs taking into account the age, gender and other characteristics of the target groups.

The principle of legitimacy

preventive activities must comply with the legislation of the Russian Federation and existing regulations.

The principle of respect for human rights

preventive actions should not violate human rights and individual freedom; including, the consent of the parents (legal representatives) of minors must be obtained for the participation of minors in preventive education programs that affect issues of sexuality education.

The principle of complexity

implies consistency of interaction:

at the interdepartmental level - bodies and institutions responsible for the implementation of various aspects of HIV / AIDS prevention in the educational environment within their competence (bodies and institutions of education, healthcare, etc.);

at the professional level - specialists of various professions whose functional duties include various aspects of preventive work (educators, teachers, preschool and school psychologists, doctors, social educators, social workers, employees of the commission for minors and the protection of their rights, inspectors of departments for minors );

at the departmental level - education authorities and health authorities at the federal, regional, municipal levels, as well as institutions responsible for the coordination of various preventive activities of preventive education in the field of HIV / AIDS in the educational environment

The principle of scientific validity

involves the development and implementation of preventive measures based on modern scientific views and factual materials.

The organization of preventive activities of students proceeds from the fact that the expectations of adolescents are associated with success, recognition from the family and peers, solvency and independence in the implementation of their own ideas. Purposeful preventive activities of students should be provided with a formed preventive environment of the school and the way of school life.

The Program should include the following three stages:

organizational and administrative

creation of a preventive school environment that supports the experience of students in the preservation and promotion of health, forming constructive expectations and patterns of healthy and safe behavior;

the formation of the way of life and traditions of the school, focused on the creation of a system of social relations between students, teachers and parents in the spirit of health and safety values ​​on the basis of partnership and cooperation;

development of forms of social partnership with public institutions and organizations to expand the field of interaction between students in promoting a healthy lifestyle, preventing addictive behaviors, protecting against dangers and threats of a social nature and involving students in social activities in these areas;

adaptation of the processes of spontaneous social activity of students by means of purposeful activities to develop a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle;

coordination of the activities of peers, teachers, parents, school employees, representatives of public and other organizations to solve the problems of educating a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle;

creation of conditions for the organized activities of school social groups to develop a culture of healthy and safe lifestyle;

creating an opportunity for students to influence changes in the school environment, forms, goals and style of social interaction of the school society in the development of a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle;

maintaining a subjective character in the development of a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle of a student, the development of his independence and initiative in preventive activities;

motivation, stimulation and development of the readiness of educators to conduct preventive activities;

organizing and conducting professional training of teaching staff involved in preventive activities.

organizational and pedagogical

ensuring the purposefulness, consistency and continuity of the process of educating a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for students;

ensuring a variety of forms of pedagogical support for preventive activities that create conditions for the personal growth of students, productive behavior change;

creation in the process of interaction with students of conditions for the preventive activity of the individual using the knowledge of age-related physiology and sociology, social and pedagogical psychology;

creation of conditions for preventive activities of students in the process of education and upbringing;

ensuring the possibility of socialization of students in the areas of adaptation to new social conditions, integration into new types of social relations, self-actualization of activities in the direction of "culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle, prevention of dependent forms of behavior";

determination of the dynamics of social roles performed by students in order to assess the effectiveness of their entry into the system of social relations in promoting a healthy lifestyle, preventing dependent forms of behavior, and protecting against dangers and threats of a social nature;

the use of social preventive and health-saving activities as a leading factor in the formation of a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for a student;

using the role of the team in the formation of a preventive, health-saving orientation of the student's personality, his social and civic position in the field of health and safety;

stimulation of conscious social initiatives and activities of students based on the motive of activity (desire, awareness of the need, interest in preventive and health-saving activities, etc.).

educational

formation of an active position and responsible behavior in the process of educational, extracurricular, extracurricular, socially significant activities of students in relation to health and safety;

the assimilation of social experience, the main social roles corresponding to the age of students in terms of mastering norms and rules public behavior ensuring the safety of life and health of people;

formation of a student's own constructive style of social behavior in the course of pedagogically organized interaction with the social environment on issues of a healthy lifestyle, prevention of addictive behavior;

achieving a level of physical, social and spiritual development adequate to one's age;

active participation in changing the school environment and accessible areas of life of the surrounding society from the standpoint of safety for life and health, preservation and promotion of health;

awareness of the motives of their preventive and health-saving activities;

development of pedagogical competence of parents (legal representatives) in order to promote the socialization of students in the family; taking into account the individual and age characteristics of students, the cultural and social needs of their families;

active involvement of parents in the preventive and health-saving activities of the school, the development of forms of joint activity.

Systematic work on the formation of a healthy and safe lifestyle, the prevention of addictive forms of behavior should be organizedin the following areas :

Creation and development of conditions for the implementation of preventive activities in an educational institution: personnel, financial and economic, material and technical, psychological and pedagogical, educational and methodological; modern information and educational environment;

Effective organization of physical culture, sports, recreational work, socially significant forms of leisure activities alternative to risky behavior;

Rational organization of educational and extracurricular activities of students, corresponding to the values ​​of health and healthy lifestyle declared in the school community;

Organization of a system of advanced training and methodological work with educators;

Organization of educational work with parents (legal representatives), informing parents about the content of the planned preventive programs and obtaining their consent to the implementation of these programs in terms of the curriculum formed by the participants in the educational process (the recommended intensity of preventive and health-forming education is 1-2 hours a week for Total school year);

Implementation of modular health-forming and preventive educational programs for students through the hours of the curriculum formed by the participants in the educational process, as well as through extracurricular activities(circles, electives, elective courses, research work and social projects).

An educational institution can specify the tasks, types and forms of preventive activities, fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for students, taking into accountthe specifics of the educational institution and the needs of the participants in the educational process .

During the course of the Program, the followingmethods training: explanatory and illustrative, reproductive, practical, partially exploratory, problematic presentation of knowledge and research.

The listed methods are used in classes organized in variousforms : introductory lecture, lecture and seminar classes, independent work of students with the presentation of their own experience, practical exercises using didactic handouts, group teaching methods: discussions, round tables, role-playing games, analysis of problem situations, psychological and pedagogical trainings, work in project groups, protection of social project initiatives, educational and methodological and advisory support on all aspects of the Program.

Principles for selecting teaching methods:

1. The principle of taking into account the educational capabilities of students: age, psychological, the level of formation of educational motivation, professional training, qualifications, professional experience.

2. The principle of taking into account the peculiarities of the goals, objectives and content of the training program, a specific topic.

3. The principle of taking into account regional characteristics: the epidemic situation in terms of the prevalence of drug pathology, HIV infection, features of the infrastructure and staffing of the education system, features of interagency cooperation on the prevention of drug pathology and HIV infection, the activity of civil society in relation to preventive activities in the educational environment, features development of the socio-cultural environment in a particular region, the level of formation of a health culture in the society of a particular region, the degree of readiness of teaching staff for the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard, etc.

4. The principle of compliance with the existing conditions, the allotted time for teaching, teaching aids, the capabilities of teachers, that is, taking into account the styles of relationships, leadership academic work, pedagogical communication that has developed between the teacher and the participants of the training.

Expected results

Result 1: Clarification of the position of each participant in the training regarding the relevance of the problem of the spread of HIV infection among minors and young people.

Result 2: Awareness of personal and professional responsibility for solving the problem of the spread of HIV infection among minors and young people.

Result 3: Building an active social, including educational, environment that ensures the formation of positive attitudes and values ​​of a healthy lifestyle, style and strategies of socially approved behavior.

Result 4: Formation of positive motivation for a healthy lifestyle.

It should be especially emphasized thatstability of motivation to a healthy lifestyle depends on the continuity, consistency, systemic nature of preventive health-forming influences, as well as on the social and cultural norms regarding health and safe behavior that have developed for a given period of time and in a particular area.

Result 5: Formation of the value of health and attitudes towards health and a healthy lifestyle.

Result 6: Formationskills to deal with risky behaviors (including drug use) that contribute to HIV infection.

Result 7: Develop collaborative strategies to reduce the behavioral risks associated with HIV infection.

Outcome 8: Formation of tolerance towards HIV-positive people and their immediate environment .

Result 9: Elimination of stigma towards people who find themselves in an HIV-vulnerable situation.

Result 10: Development of the pedagogical competence of parents (legal representatives) in order to promote the socialization of students in the family, the development of a preventive and health-saving resource aimed at preventing HIV infection of minors and young people, the formation of a health culture in the family.

Result 11: Providing information, advisory psychological and pedagogical support to families on the issues of raising adolescents and youth, aimed at eliminating or minimizing risk behavior associated with drug use and HIV infection

Program content

The program consists of two complementary sections:

preventive work with students of an educational institution

preventive work with parents (legal representatives)

Preventive work with students

Educational and thematic plan

The purpose of the lesson

Age

Lesson 1. "Find your face."

The concept of personality.A complex of stable personality components (temperament, character, abilities, motivation). Personality, individual and individuality.The concept of personality boundaries. Personal development. Self-esteem.

14-18 years old

Lesson 2. "I know myself in communication with others."

The role of communication in human life. Formation of effective communication skills. I am statements. Me and my friends.

14-18 years old

Lesson 3. "Managing your feelings."

The senses. Expression of feelings. Separation of feelings from behavior.

14-18 years old

Lesson 4. "Needs and dependencies" .

Addiction as a destructive form of personal protection, as an illusory way of avoiding solving problems.

14-18 years old

Introduction to the problem of HIV/AIDS prevention.

The history of the emergence and spread of HIV / AIDS. Terminological definition of HIV infection and AIDS. Sources of HIV infection. Mechanisms of transmission of HIV infection. The main ways of transmission of HIV infection. Groups at risk of HIV infection.

14-18 years old

"Immunity and its importance".

Definition of the concept of "immunity". The study of the structure and functions of the immune system of the human body.Cells and organs of the immune system.Specific and non-specific immunity. hardening. Formation of the ability to transfer knowledge about the features of the immune system.

14-18 years old

Lesson 7. "The value of health."

Formation of a value attitude to health in adolescents and young people.

14-18 years old

Lesson 8. "Morals and morality in human life."

The concept of morality and morality. The concept of the meaning of life and its value. The concept of personal values, family values. The concept of masculinity and femininity in modern society.Use of proverbs and sayingsatstudying the norms of morality, culture of behavior;awareness of the importance of family traditions in solving the problems of raising boys and girls.

14-18 years old

Occupation 9 . "Confidence is my business card."

How to set goals, solve problems and make decisions. The concept of group pressure and making one's own decision. Confident behavior in difficult life situations. Training of assertive behavior in situations of psychological pressure and manipulation. Training of mental self-regulation in the prevention of risky behavior among students. Risk avoidance skills.

14-18 years old

Lesson 1 0 . "People of Equal Opportunity".

Socio-psychological and economic consequences of HIV.Tolerance.The activities of public organizations and individuals who are fighting the HIV epidemic. StoryRed ribbon.

14-18 years old

Lesson 1 1 . "Life Perspectives".

Discussion of the results of joint work. Supporting the mood for further independent work. Formation and development of a volunteer movement among adolescents and young people to prevent the use of psychoactive substances and the prevention of HIV infection.

14-18 years old

Test control

14-18 years old

Preventive work with parents (legal representatives)

Educational and thematic plan

lecture

Relationships in the family as the basis of mutual understanding.

lecture

The personality of a teenager.

Difficult teenager.

Discussion with students

HIV/AIDS - myths and reality.

lecture

Resources and opportunities.

lecture

Action plan for HIV prevention

Meeting with medical staff (grades 8-11)

Deputy Educational work, social pedagogue

Questionnaire for parents "What do you know about HIV infection?"

Psychologist, social pedagogue

Speech to parents by specialists from organizations and institutions involved in the prevention of alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction and HIV / AIDS.

Deputy Educational work, social pedagogue

Placement of information for parents on the problem of HIV/AIDS on the school website.

social teacher

Consideration at the Pedagogical Council of the issue of the state of preventive work on the problem of HIV / AIDS at school.

Psychologist, social pedagogue

Measures for the moral education of adolescents in order to form a socially safe model of behavior

Classroom teachers

Used Books

Belyaeva V.V., Ruchkina E.V. Counseling in the rehabilitation system for HIV infection. Epidemiology and infectious diseases. - 2001. No. 1.

Vakhrusheva I.G., Blinova L.F. Way to success. Handbook for working with parents for the school / under the general. ed. I.G. Vakhrusheva. - Kazan:

Rakhmanova A.G., Voronov E.E., Fomin Yu.A. HIV infection in children - St. Petersburg, 2003.

Frankham J., Kanabus A. Talking to Adolescents About AIDS: A Parent's Guide. – Tallinn, 1993.

School without drugs. A book for teachers and parents. Ed. L.M. Shipitsyna, E.V. Kazakova. - SPb., 2001.

How to protect your child from HIV/AIDS. Help for parents. Ed. L.M. Shipitsyna, L.S. Shpilenya. - M., 2006. - 88 p.

Program of Primary Prevention of HIV/AIDS and Risky Behavior for Children of Senior Adolescence “Ladya”. Moscow, 2012. Russian Round Table.

Prevention of HIV/AIDS among children and youth. Tutorial for students of pedagogical universities. Ed. K.G. Gurevich, L.M. Shipitsyna. - M., 2006. - 80 p.

The content of the problem and the justification for the need to create a program

The program "Comprehensive measures for the prevention of drug addiction, smoking, alcoholism, AIDS at school" was developed in connection with the situation that has developed in the city, district and, in general, in Russia, caused by the growth in the distribution and use of narcotic, toxic drugs, alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, which endangers the health and safety of people. Of particular concern is the prevalence of these phenomena among children and adolescents. In order to prevent the appearance of negative phenomena, it is necessary to start preventive work in kindergartens and schools from an early stage. The family and the school should be united in resolving this issue. Teacher - students - parents - this is the triangle on which the main work of the school is based. One of the main problems of the educational process of the school is the employment of students after school hours as the most effective part in the prevention of a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of delinquency.

The vast majority of people start smoking, drinking alcohol, drugs at school age, so effective measures to prevent drug addiction, smoking, alcoholism at school will help many to avoid this form of addiction.

Justification of the need to organize preventive work at school

After studying the forecast of the drug situation, the number of people with AIDS, venereal diseases, the number of adolescent smokers in Russia, causal relationships were established for the development of these phenomena in society.

The main reasons for the occurrence and spread of these phenomena are as follows:

• Insufficient number of sports and leisure facilities in the city.
• Growth of crime in teenage and youth environment.
• Problematic relations of minors and youth, developing with others.
• Mass introduction of minors and youth to alcohol.
• Lack of effective interaction between institutions dealing with the problem of drug addiction in the city.

Program goal: providing conditions for reducing the growth of abuse of tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, drugs among adolescents. Promotion of healthy lifestyles.

Program objectives:

• create a comprehensive system of measures aimed at the elimination of smoking, drug addiction, alcoholism on the territory of the school and outside it;
• to form a positive attitude of students to a healthy lifestyle;
• improve the system of prevention of the consumption of drugs, tobacco, alcoholic beverages;
• provide students with objective information about the consequences of drug addiction, smoking, alcoholism and develop an idea of ​​their negative impact;
• to form in students a negative attitude towards smoking, alcohol, drugs.

The positive result of our work depends on the union of all teachers, students, parents, psychologists, social educators, and the administrative apparatus of the school. Therefore, the main main task is to expand cooperation between school employees and other government agencies, ensuring communication of the school with centers, committees, departments, public associations for the purpose of effective interaction and successful work.

Preventive work at school involves communication with the institutions of the city:

- Center medical prevention;

– Center for Family Problems – Kordeya;

- Center of children's creativity;

– Educational institutions cities.

The program involves the use of various forms of preventive work on drug addiction, alcoholism, smoking, AIDS, the spread of venereal diseases.

- watching videos, movies:

a) with medical workers of city institutions;

b) with law enforcement officials;

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School-Based Interventions to Prevent HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Adolescent Pregnancy

Do school-based interventions prevent HIV infection, sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy? Here's the question posed by researchers from the University of York, the Medical Research Council of South Africa and Stellenbosch University in a Cochrane review published this week.

Sexually active adolescents in some countries, especially girls, are at high risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs); at the same time, early, unwanted pregnancies can have a significant impact on young people's lives. School-based sexual and reproductive health programs are widely accepted as an approach to reduce high-risk behavior, given that the school environment plays a very important role in youth development. Sex education programs included in academic plan, are popular in many countries and, while there is some evidence that they can improve knowledge and reduce self-risk taking, this review estimated the number of young people who contract STIs, including HIV, as well as the number of teen pregnancies.

A group of independent authors included eight cluster-randomized trials involving more than 55,000 people in total to assess the impact of school-based interventions. The authors included trials from sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Europe; six trials evaluated school-based interventions, while two trials evaluated incentive-based programs to encourage students to stay in school.

“Education programs on their own, as currently implemented, probably do not have an impact on the number of young people infected with HIV, other STIs, or the number of pregnancies,” said Dr Amanda Mason-Jones of the University of York, lead author of the review, “especially if condoms and contraceptives or other health services are also not freely available to young people.”

This review found that studies that included incentives (rewards) such as free school uniforms or small cash payments to young people who stay in school did not show definite changes in HIV infections, one study showed a decrease in other STIs and, overall, there has been a significant decrease in adolescent pregnancies, although more evidence is needed to confirm this. High Quality.

“Previous studies have only focused on outcomes reported by study participants. Our review is the first review and meta-analysis that included only measurable biological outcomes,” continued Dr. Mason-Jones. “It is clear that further high quality research is needed in this area so that decision makers can be better informed about better way keep young people, especially girls, in education longer. Schools or subsequent educational and educational establishments can provide an enabling environment for information and advice on healthy relationships, but this must be combined with appropriate health services that meet the needs of young people and help improve their chances in life.”

The Cochrane review was coordinated by the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group (CIDG), based at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. The Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group has been operating since 1994 under the leadership of Professor Paul Garner and is supported by over 600 authors from 52 countries.

Read the full text of the Cochrane Review here.

russia.cochrane.org

Measures to implement the State Program for the Prevention of HIV Infection

educational institution "State secondary school No. 3 Zelva

on the implementation of the State program for the prevention of HIV infection for 2013-2015 in the Grodno region

Organization of school participation in annual sociological surveys to obtain objective information about the course of the HIV/AIDS epidemic process, identify the conditions and prerequisites for the spread of HIV, and assess the impact of preventive activities on the epidemic situation of HIV infection

Organization and maintenance of the advisory phone for school students on the prevention of HIV infection, drug addiction, sexually transmitted infections

June, August, December /Annually/

Coverage of HIV / AIDS prevention issues in extracurricular activities in an educational institution through the website, the RIMT newspaper, information stands:

- Ways of transmission of HIV infection, drug addiction, sexually transmitted infections

– Familiarization of teachers and parents with the results of the survey, informing the parents of students about the possibility of medical testing of their children in health care institutions for drug use

SPPS specialists, class teachers of grades 1-11

Ensuring implementation of HIV prevention programs in schools

Deputy director for educational work,

Listen to a report on the implementation of the State Program for the Prevention of HIV Infection for 2013-2015 at the Pedagogical Council

Organization of work in an educational institution of a volunteer youth team working under the program "peer educates peers" for the prevention of HIV infection:

— clarification of the lists of members of the volunteer detachment

School director, deputy director for educational work

Development and implementation of a set of activities within the framework of the World AIDS Campaign and world day AIDS prevention:

Information and cultural campaign "Message", which includes an action

Conducting information and class hours on the problem of HIV / AIDS in an educational institution

From 29.11 to 03.12.2013;

From 01.12 to 03.12.2014;

Coverage of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections prevention issues on:

during individual conversations

Carrying out the action "Healthy Summer" in the school health camp, including issues of HIV prevention

Head of the school camp

Educational psychologist, social educator

Ensuring the participation of students in information and educational film and video events on the problem of HIV / AIDS

Teacher-psychologist, social teacher, teacher-organizer

Participation in regional events:

— online conferences "Know to live"

— flash mobe "Your life is in your hands"

sch3zelva.schools.by

HIV prevention program at school

The Ministry of Health of Russia, the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia and the Ministry of Communications of Russia held the All-Russian campaign "Stop HIV / AIDS", in which our college also took part. As part of the action, the following activities were carried out:

1. Preparation, release and distribution among full-time students and correspondence forms learning:

• instructions on HIV prevention;
• newspaper "Student Bulletin";

2. Class hour "You don't need to be afraid - you need to know!";

3. Training on harm reduction, HIV prevention.

HIV Prevention Checklist

HIV infection - a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus - is an anthroponotic infectious chronic disease characterized by a specific lesion of the immune system, leading to its slow destruction until the formation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), accompanied by the development of opportunistic infections (infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms in the defeat immune system) and secondary malignancies.

How can you tell if a person is infected with HIV?

From the third month from the moment of infection, antibodies appear in the blood of an infected with HIV, protective bodies, specifically directed only against HIV. These antibodies to HIV persist as long as there is HIV in the blood, that is, until the end of life. An HIV test shows the presence of antibodies in the body.

How is HIV transmitted?

1. Sexually.

- in the joint preparation and use of injecting drugs;

- when using non-sterile surgical instruments, syringes, needles;

- when transfusing infected blood or its components, transplanting donor organs that have not been tested for HIV.

3. From mother to child:

- during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.

Prevention of HIV infection should be carried out in a comprehensive manner in relation to the sources of the virus, mechanisms, routes and factors of transmission, as well as the susceptible population, including those from vulnerable population groups.

1. Measures taken in relation to the source of HIV infection:

– timely detection and diagnosis of HIV infection;

- specific therapy with antiretroviral drugs as prescribed by a doctor (including prophylactic chemotherapy in pregnant women);

– referral of injecting drug users to drug dependence treatment;

– a ban on the entry and deportation of HIV-infected foreign citizens in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation reduces the number of sources of infection in the country.

2. Measures regarding transmission mechanisms, routes and factors:

– disinfection and sterilization of medical instruments and equipment in medical institutions, as well as equipment and instruments in hairdressing salons, beauty salons, piercing and tattoo parlors, the use of disposable instruments;

– ensuring and monitoring the safety of medical manipulations;

- the use of barrier methods of contraception;

– examination of blood donors and any other donor materials for the presence of antibodies to HIV at each donation of donor material and the rejection of infected donor material. Lifelong suspension of HIV-infected and positive in ELISA (enzyme immunoassay) in the reference study from donating donor material.

– prevention of contact of the child with the biological fluids of the mother should be combined with the prescription of ARV drugs and is achieved:

during childbirth with planned caesarean section in HIV-infected women;

After childbirth by replacing breastfeeding of the child of an HIV-infected mother with artificial;

At the request of the infected HIV women she can be helped to prevent unwanted pregnancies.

3. Measures for susceptible populations:

- Contact persons for HIV infection are considered to be persons who had the opportunity to become infected based on the known mechanisms, routes and factors of transmission of the infectious agent. Establishing the fullest circle of people who had contacts with an HIV-infected person makes it possible to inform about the methods and methods of protection against HIV infection during pre-test counseling and testing for HIV infection;

- training in safe behavior in terms of HIV infection is the main measure for preventing HIV infection among contact persons and the population;

- preventive chemoprophylaxis. For emergency prevention of the disease, people at risk of contracting HIV infection are prescribed antiretroviral drugs, including: newborns of HIV-infected mothers; healthcare workers and other persons affected while providing assistance to HIV-infected persons; citizens in respect of whom there is reason to believe that there is a contact that entailed the risk of HIV infection.

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Preventive lesson with students in grades 2-4 "Primary prevention of HIV / AIDS in elementary school"

Primary prevention of HIV/AIDS

in primary school

for students in grades 2-4

Target: to provide knowledge about HIV/AIDS, ways of HIV transmission, contacts with HIV-infected people according to age;

Develop the skills to take responsibility for your own health.

Tasks: provide objective information about HIV/AIDS;

Teach children how to communicate with HIV-infected people.

Equipment: cards with inscriptions "HIV / AIDS", "HIV", "AIDS"

Exercise "Brainstorm"

Target: activate attention, activity, perception, learn about experience

children ( general knowledge) about HIV/AIDS

Card number 1 is glued in the middle of the board.

Leading: What do you associate this record with? What do you feel?

Children call the words “illness, hospital, virus, grief, sadness, regret, death ...”, the leader writes down the named words in a chaotic manner,

Names his own if the class is silent.

Leading: Well done! I see you know something. And now let's try to decipher this inscription and learn more about the disease, learn how to prevent infection and communicate with people with AIDS.

A story about HIV / AIDS, historical background.

Cards with the first letters of the words are pasted on the board one under the other: HIV, AIDS, which the presenter will decipher during the story.

If the children do not understand the deciphered words, then the leader interprets them.

B - virus C-syndrome

I - immunodeficiency P-acquired

H is a person. I- immuno

Leading: HIV is the initial stage of infection, and AIDS is the presence of several chronic diseases - the final stage.

This disease was first identified in the United States, when a group of people were hospitalized with pneumonia, they were diagnosed with several chronic diseases.

In the 1970s, a new infectious disease was discovered. In many countries around the world, AIDS has taken on the character of an epidemic. This disease is capable of putting humanity at risk of extinction in 10-20 years.

AIDS is a deadly disease that modern medicine is not yet able to cure. The causative agent of the disease

A specific virus called HIV.

Viruses, getting into the blood, destroy the defenses of the human body, which makes it defenseless against other diseases. Diagnosis, i.e. to find out if a person is sick or not, only a doctor can put it on a blood test.

AIDS is transmitted through the blood, through male and female body secretions, and from a pregnant woman to a child.

A very alarming and dangerous situation is developing in our country. The total number of infected people is 1% of the country's population (that's 400,000 people) and the distance is spreading. This virus can infect anyone. It doesn't matter who you are or where you live.

There is no cure for HIV. The only person who can save you from AIDS is you! Knowledge and careful behavior are the best defense against the spread of this virus.

Fact and Fiction Game

Target: verification of knowledge from the information received.

Leading: Attention! Now we will play a game. I will read you the correct and incorrect sentences. If, in your opinion, the sentences are correct, you clap your hands, if not, do not clap. Attention! started.

Can it be determined by appearance a person to determine if he has AIDS. (-)

Only men can get AIDS.(-)

Children do not get AIDS.(-)

By shaking the hand of a person with AIDS, you will contract the disease.(-)

Nothing can kill the AIDS virus once it enters the body.(+)

You can get AIDS through a notebook in which an HIV-positive person wrote.(-)

A person can get AIDS by donating blood.(+)

You can get AIDS by piercing your ear.(+)

If you are healthy, you cannot get AIDS. (-)

A person who uses drugs can get AIDS. (use syringes) (+)

There are cures for AIDS. (-) (there are medicines that support the patient, but do not cure)

There is a blood test that determines if you are infected with the AIDS virus.(+)

Is AIDS transmitted through pets? (-)

Is AIDS transmitted through dishes and food? (-)

Is it possible to get infected by mosquito bites. (-) (mosquitoes drink your blood and do not live long)

Is it possible to get HIV infection when you are vaccinated, injected. (+)

Is it possible to get infected by hugging an AIDS patient.(-)

Swimming in a pool with an infected person, is it possible to get infected. (-)

If AIDS patients cough, sneeze, is it possible to get AIDS from them. (-) (in the patient's saliva there is a small amount of infection that does not threaten us)

Is it possible to be friends with the infected and not get infected. (+)

Doctor Aibolit's advice

Leading: Well done! And now the advice of Dr. Aibolit, who advises: “To protect yourself from HIV infection, follow these rules:

Follow the rules of personal hygiene.

Never pick up syringes and other medical devices found on the street.

Make sure that medical workers give injections and vaccinations, blood tests only with a disposable syringe.

If, while playing on the street, you accidentally get hurt, treat the wound with hydrogen peroxide, preferably alcohol, anoint with brilliant green. Tell your parents.

Never come into contact with other people's blood.

Game "Finish the sentences"

Target: verification of learned material and attitude towards AIDS patients.

Leading: Attention! Started!

AIDS can be contracted through……..

Infected HIV is determined using …….

What does not exist against HIV……

You can get sick...

AIDS patients should be treated ....

HIV is……, AIDS is…..

Leading: Well done! You did a very good job! Your knowledge will help you protect yourself from the spread of the virus. In high school, you will learn a lot more about AIDS. Wish you luck!

Project work to prevent the spread of HIV infection (AIDS) among students for the period of study.

In the early 1980s, articles began to appear in medical journals describing the symptoms of the disease found among homosexuals, as well as among drug addicts who shared syringes. The problem managed to attract much more attention to itself than any of those that appeared in recent times diseases. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, better known as AIDS, threatens the lives of a large part of humanity.

View document content

"Project work to prevent the spread of HIV - infection (AIDS) among students for the period of study."

Project work to prevent the spread of HIV infection (AIDS) among students for the period of study.

SBEI "Ikshurma Cadet Boarding School named after K.S. Baikiev" Sabinsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan

Project author: Solovieva Angelina, 8th grade student of the Ikshurma Cadet Boarding School named after K.S. Baikiev Head: Makanova M.M., educator, SBEI "Ikshurma Cadet Boarding School named after K.S. Baikiev"

Fig.1 Model of extracurricular activities in high school……………..5

Project Implementation Timeline ……………………………………………………6

Action plan for project implementation ……………………….7-10

Expected results of the project………………………..11

For the first time, the epidemic of HIV infection and AIDS was discussed more than 20 years ago.

The total number of HIV-positive citizens of Russia by mid-2016 reached 1,062,476 people. Nearly 26,000 of them died.

According to the Federal AIDS Center, in 2016, 628,000 HIV-infected people were registered in dispensaries – 75% of the total number of Russians living with HIV. 243,000 patients received antiretroviral therapy this year. At the same time, only 29% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV were covered by treatment.

In the first half of 2016, the AIDS Prevention and Control Centers reported 51.1 thousand new HIV cases among Russian citizens, excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens, which is 3.9% more than in the same period in 2015. Since 2005 Until 2015, an annual increase in the incidence of HIV infection was recorded by an average of 10% per year.

Also, in the first 6 months of this year, 12.9 thousand HIV patients died in the Russian Federation, which is 7.5% more than in the same period of 2015.

The average incidence rate in Russia in 2016 was 34.9 cases per 100,000 population. Most new cases of HIV were recorded:

In the Kemerovo region (122.4 new cases of HIV infection per 100,000 population),

Irkutsk region (80.2),

Sverdlovsk region (78.6),

Tomsk region (74.7),

Chelyabinsk region (73.0).

Another indicator - the incidence of HIV infection in the middle of the year - amounted to 570.9 per 100 thousand of the population of Russia. The most affected include:

Sverdlovsk region (1592.6 registered people living with HIV per 100,000 population),

Irkutsk region (1591.5),

Kemerovo region (1568),

Samara region (1412.6),

Orenburg region (1183.7).

Among people who were first diagnosed in 2016, 52.8% were infected through drug use with non-sterile equipment, 44.5% through heterosexual contact, 1.5% through homosexual contact, 1.1% were infected from mothers during pregnancy , childbirth and breastfeeding. At the same time, cases of HIV infection while providing medical care are still registered. During the first half of the year, 5 cases were registered with suspected infection in Russian hospitals when using non-sterile medical instruments.

One of the main values ​​in human life has been and remains health. Every child wants to be strong, cheerful, energetic. Run without getting tired, ride a bike, swim, play with the guys on the street, do not get sick. But, unfortunately, a healthy lifestyle does not yet occupy the first place in the hierarchy of human needs and values ​​in our society. But if we teach children from school age to appreciate,

to protect and strengthen their health, if parents demonstrate a healthy lifestyle by personal example, then we can hope that the future generation will be healthier and more developed not only physically, but also personally, intellectually, spiritually.

Knowledge about the features of the structure, functions and life of the human body is organically combined with the problem of health and physical development. It is well known that the picture of the health of the younger generation is catastrophic. The increase in the incidence in some indicators is so high that it causes great concern for the fate and health of the nation. A task that is still

is solved weakly and unsystematically - this is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. At the same time, human health is an enduring value. The priority direction of social and pedagogical assistance should be medical and pedagogical education of parents, children, in order to form a healthy lifestyle.

It is difficult to argue with the statement that health is the basis of the comprehensive development and success of a person. A person has health, he is cheerful, works fruitfully, he has enough strength for self-development, for personal life, career growth. A person has no health, he seems to be marking time in his development and in social life in the same place, gradually losing what he had.

It is for the successful future of our children at school age that it is necessary to lay the foundations of health, form the correct idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhealth and healthy way life.

Thus, the focus of this project on the moral, physical and mental health (improvement) of a growing person is due to the modern requirements of personal development.

familiarization project human body, health includes

the following components:

Value - the formation of a value attitude to human life, responsibility for one's life, respect for other people's life and health, motivational -

Developing - the formation of an active position in the child, aimed at self-development (for health, for a happy life);

Practical - the practical implementation and application of the known.

The implementation of the project will help to educate the child's value attitude to his health and life.

Purpose and objectives of the project:

The main goal of the Project is to stabilize and reduce the level of HIV infection.

— formation of schoolchildren's knowledge on the problem of HIV / AIDS and safety skills;

— educating young people of value orientations and behaviors that contribute to the prevention of HIV infection.

- the formation of students' ideas of a healthy lifestyle, prevention

further spread of HIV infection through active

preventive interventions, training and education programs;

- creating conditions for the formation of a positive attitude towards oneself and

- formation of students' skills of responsible behavior;

-informing students about assistance services for HIV-infected people;

organization of activities for the prevention of HIV infection;

Design solution (the main ideas of the project, reflecting its novelty)

The upbringing and development of the personality, the formation of a system of knowledge and skills, value orientations, moral and ethical relations that ensure the responsibility of the individual for the state of his health.

The novelty and relevance of the project lies in the development modern system extracurricular recreational work at school, uniting children, their parents and teachers.

To increase the effectiveness of preventive work in the field of HIV/AIDS, it is of great importance to take into account the specifics of the methods, means and forms that will be used in this work. They constitute an active, practice-oriented side of a holistic preventive process and together form a system of work that is adequate to the goals and objectives of prevention. It should also be noted that the methods, means and forms of preventive activities are closely interconnected.

Practice has accumulated a large arsenal of methods of preventive work. All of them can be successfully used in the system of work with students.

In the preventive work on the problem of HIV / AIDS, we propose to use those methods that, first of all, will contribute to the formation of knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, concepts, ideas among the participants in the preventive process about AIDS not only as a disease, but also as a phenomenon due to social reasons : unfavorable atmosphere of public life, lack of sufficient awareness of young people about AIDS, ways of spreading HIV infection, low level of moral culture and culture of sexual relations.

The formation of consciousness in the preventive process is achieved in various ways. However, in our opinion, the most effective in the field of HIV / AIDS prevention are an example, a story, a conversation, an explanation, an explanation, a lecture, and work with literature. Each of the above methods has its own specifics of use and can be used in combination with others.

For younger schoolchildren, as well as for adolescents, the most common method in the field of HIV / AIDS prevention is a story. With its help, schoolchildren can be given reliable information about the disease, personal hygiene rules, and norms of moral behavior that will help protect themselves from HIV infection. The story about HIV/AIDS should help equip schoolchildren with the necessary knowledge in this area, develop positive moral feelings (empathy, mercy) towards people who have become its victims. In the course of the story, the organizer of preventive activities can also use methods of explanation, dialogue, figurative example, which will activate schoolchildren to develop images of moral behavior, a healthy lifestyle, and cause a desire to imitate positive experience.

For teenagers who already have some knowledge about the problem of HIV/AIDS, in our opinion, effective method the conversation takes place. The conversation involves the participation of both parties - the organizer of preventive work and schoolchildren. It is problematic in nature and is characterized by the fact that it makes it possible to listen to the opinion of all participants in the preventive process.

The conversation not only aims to equip schoolchildren with knowledge on this issue, but also requires their personal activity in the search for norms of moral and self-preserving behavior. The organizers of preventive work should take into account that no question that is proposed for discussion or aroused interest among the audience should not be left without attention. At the same time, the norms of ethics and culture of communication must be observed here, because the conversation concerns the intimate aspects of human life. To conduct a conversation, an atmosphere of trusting, emotional comfort is necessary. The conversation should in no way turn into a lecture, since the latter very often, especially among adolescents, can cause opposition, a desire to act contrary to what the organizer of preventive work tried to convince them of.

The story, explanation, conversation prepare for a more complex method of prevention - lectures. It is recommended by us for preventive purposes for high school students. The lecture is a more complex logical construction and requires a scientific, theoretical generalization of the material, evidence in its presentation, and argumentation.

During the lecture on HIV/AIDS prevention, such problems as the history of the spread of the epidemic, hypotheses of the origin of the disease, ways of transmitting the virus, the difference between HIV and AIDS, preventive measures, experience in maintaining health, the formation of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, etc. can be covered.

The above methods of preventive work in the field of HIV/AIDS provide mainly the initial stage of prevention. When carrying out preventive measures at school, it is also advisable to include a game.

The game is both a form and a method of preventive work. Its effectiveness lies in the fact that it puts the participants in the preventive process in an active subjective position. It brings joy to students of all ages. At the same time, in a game situation, the assimilation of information about HIV / AIDS is facilitated, possible actions and deeds are modeled, and “choice situations” are analyzed that are made by participants in game prevention activities. The game forms schoolchildren's confidence in their actions and deeds that cannot lead to HIV infection. It also allows, through game situations, to understand and realize the feelings that people susceptible to this disease can experience, and therefore to form the skills and habits of socially acceptable behavior, a sense of mercy, compassion and humanity towards HIV-infected people.

Outdoor games are offered for younger students. With their help, the organizer of preventive work in an informal game situation will be able to consolidate personal hygiene skills that can protect children from HIV infection. The games will allow not only to draw the attention of children to the problem of HIV/AIDS, but also to identify those issues that will have to be focused on in future prevention activities.

Role-playing games aim to equip schoolchildren with the knowledge, skills and habits of safe behavior in relation to HIV infection. Performing certain roles, students in the course of gaming activity are in a situation of choice in favor of either dangerous behavior that entails an irresponsible lifestyle, non-compliance with moral standards and, as a result, HIV infection, or safe behavior based on moral values knowledge of preventive measures. It provides an opportunity to reveal the individuality of a person, its originality, allows a high school student to form confidence in his actions, as well as the ability to realize the feelings of others. Creative tasks can be used to provide feedback after the game.

Effective for preventive purposes is the introduction of situational games. They are based on the analysis of simulated plots, stories that carry a problem situation. So, a set of situational tasks for analysis is given in the appendix of the collection. They can be supplemented and modified. Prevention participants themselves can also be involved in the compilation of problem situations. However, here they should be given a clear statement that these situations should reflect the social phenomena underlying the spread of infection, cases of risky behavior in relation to HIV / AIDS.

However, it is indisputable that without diagnosing the level of knowledge of students (on initial stage educational process), as well as identifying the effectiveness of ongoing preventive work on the problem of HIV / AIDS is indispensable. In this regard, we propose to use one of the diagnostic methods - questionnaires. It can be carried out at the initial and final stages of preventive work. Questionnaire surveys can also be used to test the effectiveness of the preventive work carried out among school youth.

The organization of preventive work in the field of HIV/AIDS involves the use of various public events. These include actions, discos, theatrical performances, quizzes, contests of posters, drawings, propaganda teams, which are distinguished by their focus on the mass, collective, creative nature of youth participation in the fight against AIDS.

HIV/AIDS prevention methods are primarily aimed at creating conditions for school youth to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities to protect themselves and those around them from HIV infection. These are some kind of methods of influencing the consciousness, will, feelings, behavior of a person in order to develop in him norms of socially valuable behavior, actions and deeds that can protect him from HIV infection. They are the way to achieve the goal in the field of combating HIV infection.