It consists of the facade of the building. Main facade: types of structures

Due to the rise in price utilities, and especially the prices of gas and heating, people are increasingly thinking about how to insulate their living space in all available ways. Not uncommon are announcements about the insulation of facades using special coatings, which, in addition to keeping warm, can have a lot of useful functions, up to "anti-vandal". But what is the facade of a building? How not to get confused in different architectural concepts for those people whose activities do not always come into contact with such a sphere as construction and decoration?

What is invested in the concept of "facade"?

In fact, everything is elementary and simple. This is any outside part of the building. It can be main, side, yard, street. Translated from French or Latin, the facade of the building means the front outer part of the house, which faces the street. But this concept has been expanded - this is the front dress of any house, which is seen by everyone passing by, and it is located on all sides of the building.

What materials are used for facade insulation

Answer: those that suit the state of the wallet of a person who wants to transform his house or apartment. Here is a short list of what materials can be used for such a thing as finishing the facades of buildings, both in European open spaces and in our country:

• dye;
• plaster;
• brick;
• corrugated board;
• wood;
• artificial and natural stone;
• tile;
• ventilated facades (blockhouse, porcelain stoneware, metal cassettes, fiber cement, aluminum panels).

Brickwork, for example, will not work if you decide to insulate your apartment on a high floor. This option is either for houses that are purposefully completely lined with bricks, or for an apartment on the ground floor.

Nice but not warm

The corrugated board is also good for exterior decoration, but it goes more as a decorative component.

It is easy to install and resistant to corrosion, and in general it is more durable. But if you want to not only transform, but also insulate the facade of the building, you need to additionally purchase the appropriate material, make a frame and create an air gap between the insulation and corrugated sheets. That is, this particular option does not immediately give the effect of warming.

Porcelain stoneware is recommended for finishing office buildings. Thus, the facade of a building, the drawing of which is often simple and uncomplicated, is easily and simply transformed into something modern, well-groomed and eye-catching. Although a completely glass facade will look much better. In addition to a stunning view, this solution allows more light to enter the building. In such an office, employees will not feel locked in a cage.

Insulation with foam boards

The decoration of the facades of buildings is most often made with expanded polystyrene plates, foam plastic is in second place. Even the advertised mineral wool is still not in such demand as the producers would like. An interesting argument is that under the mineral wool the walls of the building "breathe" better. No seriously? If you believe this wording, then you have fallen into the hands of cunning marketers. How can walls breathe? If the room were to regularly conduct air through the walls, would it be able to retain at least some heat? The walls are good because they "do not breathe". For this function, people came up with windows, vents and ventilation.

What else they are trying to lure is the price. Mineral wool itself is cheaper than foam panels, but it is also pressed into blocks, and they are by no means cheaper than foam ones.

Aesthetic side

Naturally, dilapidated buildings with peeling plaster do not cause delight, but, on the contrary, cause a severe depressing state. The beautiful facade of the building makes it clear that wealthy people live here or a serious organization is working. Unfortunately, in our cities, it is the first type of structures that is more common, which are not cared for and which turn into some kind of echoes of the past. Many try to repair the facades of buildings on their own, but in the end the resulting picture does not cause delight. Why can't tenants agree among themselves and insulate the house in a single color?

An experiment was conducted in some cities of the world. In those areas that were considered "heavy" ( high level crime, drug addiction, prostitution and other "charms"), it was decided to change the appearance of buildings. In fact, gray nondescript houses, the facade of which was painted in bright colors, turned the area into something rainbow, fun and interesting. As a result, over time, a decline in the graph of street thefts and attacks was recorded, which generally reduced the indicators that were available before the experiment.

An important element that is needed before you start building the facade of a building is a drawing. What should be done first before starting work? Delving into our knowledge of drawing, we place a parallel plane in front of the frontal part and project it perpendicularly onto the same plane. Such an image of all the details is called a facade drawing. If it is strictly followed, there should be no serious difficulties with the construction of this part of the building.

The built house must be clad on the outside. This is done not so much to make the structure attractive. appearance, how much to protect load-bearing structures from destruction, create a stable temperature and soundproof conditions in the premises. The facades of houses are finished with various materials, so before you start work, you need to decide which one suits you best in terms of its qualities, technical characteristics or cost.

french word facade translates as "the front of the building", therefore the facade is a vertical outer side buildings with windows, doors, structural elements and decorations. If you stand in front of the building, then the plane from the roof to the ground, from the left to the right side, regardless of the location of the main entrance, will be called that way.

Each house has 4 sides, which are determined along the axes of the structure, and each of them is endowed with certain functions. The name of each depends on which way the facade looks.

- overlooks the main street, most often the main entrance is located here, and this part of the building is considered the face of the house. It is also called the chief.

- this surface of an architectural object, which is located to the left or to the right of the front facade. Usually there are two such facades, sometimes they have an additional entrance to the building.

It can also be called park, garden - on this side of the building the walls face the courtyard. It must have a door that opens onto the courtyard, and what is located there: a garden, a garden, a park or a recreation area - it depends on the wishes of the owner.

In buildings, horizontal-vertical dividing elements are used: cutters, pilasters, cornices, niches, buttresses and columns. And deep loggias and balconies, as it were, form the second shell of the facade. This achieves the expressiveness of buildings, their originality and dissimilarity to others. The protruding parts of the building also contribute to this: protrusions in the form of bay windows, stairs outside, sculptural decorations.

Decor elements are determined by the purpose of the structure, its stylistic features, and spatial design solution.

The functional role of the facade is huge, it:

• responsible for the appearance of the building;
• protects the walls of the house from atmospheric influences;
• makes it possible to improve the heat, sound, waterproofing of the building, which creates acceptable living conditions.

If you are counting on long-term operation of the house, then you need to use the material that is most suitable for installation for cladding.

Types of facades

Modern exterior finish widely used among all categories of developers. But industrialists are constantly striving forward. Private traders have just begun to get used to siding, and the construction industry is already offering newer materials. How not to get lost and confused. Let's look at each specific case and start with the most famous and most popular.

Brick and stone facades

These facing materials remain the most popular to this day. They have legally conquered their niche in the market of the construction industry, and for many centuries they have honorably protected and decorated the walls of our houses.

A modern facade must meet many requirements. We offer you a comparative table of the advantages and disadvantages of brick and stone.

A photo of the exterior of the house with bricks is presented below. Also, the appearance depends on the type of brickwork.

Brick is suitable for facing works: silicate, hyper-pressed ceramic and clinker.
All of them differ from each other: in the composition of the feedstock, production technology, performance characteristics and cost. Brick of German, Dutch and Belgian production is highly valued among consumers, but our domestic industrialists also produce products that meet international quality standards.

Brick has become a great solution for designers and architects, helping to create homes thatdiffer in unique forms.

The status of a stone is an order of magnitude higher than a brick. If the building is made of building products of the middle price range, then the exterior finish can give the building an expensive and elegant look.

At the present time, these types of facades can be made with natural or non-natural materials. In the first case, facing will cost you much more than in the second, and the advantages and disadvantages of materials can be compared:

I would like to shed some light on the issue of radioactivity, which natural stone possesses. Radiophobia - the fear of radiation - has firmly entered our lives. But igneous rocks (granite, diorite, gabbro, tuff) have increased radioactivity. Their readings may be different depending on the location of the quarry, on the depth of the formation. NPO "Radon" conducted research on the Moscow metro and concluded that all the norms of radioactivity readings are acceptable and nothing threatens the residents of the capital. In addition, manufacturers adhere to sanitary and hygienic standards. SanPiN 2.6.1.2800-10 "Radiation safety requirements for public exposure to natural sources of ionizing radiation".

The low vapor permeability of hard rock is favorable for indoor microclimate. Limestone and stones of low hardness are very hygroscopic, they quickly absorb moisture and collapse. Therefore, we recommend water repellents - impregnations that provide them with true protection against water.

All natural facing materials comply with GOST 9480-2012 “Facing slabs made of natural stone. Specifications» and most often used in construction:

Stone	a brief description of	A photo
	hard, frost-resistant, with various shades in the color range, protects the building from negative atmospheric influences, aesthetic material. The slab is mounted to the frame with special fasteners, the seams are poured with cement mortar and regularly grouted using special tools designed for systems with granite slabs
Marble	strong, durable, though endowed with low frost resistance and high water absorption. From the negative impact of atmospheric precipitation, especially frost, it cracks and loses its original appearance
Limestone	the stone belongs to the most common sedimentary rocks. It lends itself well to processing, cut in any direction by hand and on the machine. Such a facade is beautiful, additionally insulated and soundproofed, fireproof, maintainable.
Travertine	has a pleasant warm color, gives the facade nobility and elegance, is durable, they can be used for finishing steps, wear-resistant, easy to process, environmentally friendly, has high thermal and sound insulation properties.
Slate	has high strength. Resistant to atmospheric influences, has a low moisture absorption limit, is immune to ultraviolet radiation, does not lose its natural external attractiveness over time, is unpretentious in operation, and has a low price. True enough fragile
Sandstone	the rock represents grains that are connected by mineral particles. The stone is environmentally friendly, creates a warm image for the house, is a good heat insulator, and is relatively inexpensive.
tufa	porous structure, endowed with sufficient consumer advantages: good heat and sound insulation, high frost resistance (50-600 cycles), water resistance, does not deform from natural phenomena, has a small mass (0.75-1.6 t/m3), is easy to grind and mounted in the process, durable and strong

Any natural stone is an excellent material for cladding. But I would like to highlight the tuff. It has excellent consumer and decorative properties. And the presence of a rich color palette and various textures makes it possible to achieve the most interesting artistic effects.

The Russian segment of artificially produced stone is 95% provided by compatriots with products of its own production, prices differ almost twice from imported ones.

In terms of quality, Russian products are not inferior to analogues of foreign manufacturers, they, unlike foreign ones, are more adapted to operation in domestic climatic conditions. Facing the facade of the house with unnatural stone looks beautiful, and from a distance to distinguish it from natural material hard enough.

Facade made of artificial stone

Stone and brick are considered excellent materials for facade cladding. In addition, they are perfectly combined with modern finishing products, look solid, and are able to last a very long time.

Wooden facades

The presence of modern building materials dictates its own rules for building houses. Adherents of natural wood can put up a log house, but it will cost them a pretty penny. Therefore, you can build a house from budget materials and line it with wooden products.

It is wood that offers designers great opportunities for a flight of fancy and unlimited prospects. In their work, they use an abundance of texture options, color and tint solutions, and classes. It should be noted and its operational qualities, wooden coating:

• high strength;
• has outstanding insulating properties (heat, sound, electricity);
• resistant to moisture (some breeds);
• resists mechanical stress;
• the surface treated with flame retardants and antiseptics increases resistance to fire, insects and microorganisms;
• perfectly combined with other building materials.

For exterior cladding, the following products are used:

Product	a brief description of	A photo
clapboard	sheathing board from a single piece of coniferous or deciduous trees. It is quite strong, light, easy to install, unpretentious in operation, interchangeable, has a wide range of tinted colors. The most important advantage of such a finish is its ventilation, the wall "breathes", condensate does not accumulate, it resists fungus, mold, and decay. Products comply GOST 8242 “Profile parts made of wood and wood materials for construction. General specifications” or DIN EN 14519 “Softwood paneling and cladding. Mechanical profiles with tongue and groove"
timber imitation	the material is durable, practical, not expensive. It is mounted on the crate in the horizontal direction from the bars, with the ridge up. The surface is polished to smoothness and it turns out perfectly even. Pine or Siberian larch is recommended. Products comply GOST 8486-86 “Softwood lumber. Specifications»
Block house	represents a special kind of sheathing board. This is an exact imitation of a log cabin. More common: spruce, Angarsk pine, cedar, linden, aspen, larch, birch. Corresponds GOST 8242 “Profile parts made of wood and wood materials for construction. General specifications” or DIN EN 14519 “Softwood paneling and cladding. Mechanical profiles with tongue and groove", length - from 2000 to 6000 mm.
planken	board with chamfered at each corner, has rounded corners. The most commonly used Siberian larch. There is a small gap between the panels during installation, which provides good ventilation and easily replaces a failed board
wood siding	decorative and multifunctional product. It is attached at a small distance from the wall, while the void is filled with a heat-insulating layer. Manufacturers on the market exhibit products "herringbone" and "ship board". They are mounted on a crate. The latest drying and gluing technologies give siding: resistance to temperature extremes, long service life and low price

But facade finishing houses with wooden products also have their drawbacks: it has a high combustibility, natural defects, excess moisture; the surface is unstable to the formation of fungi and insect damage, constant care is required during operation. These shortcomings can be corrected with special protective agents: varnishes, impregnations. Having processed the surface, you can no longer be afraid of the above problems.

wood paneling

Monolithic - concrete facades

The appearance of any building forms its facade. It is he who contributes to aesthetic perception. Some owners like bright colorful shades, while others are satisfied with the solid color and the texture of the material they like. Among facing materials can be called modern concrete panels.

These are special wall products of a large format, they have high strength characteristics, because fiberglass is used in their production, which is passed through concrete. It helps to harmoniously combine the facade and interior areas.

For lovers of minimalist style, a concrete panel will suit in all respects. The range of its range and prices is very wide. Products are produced with a variety of surfaces and colors. They have a high rate of fire resistance, strength and durability. Concrete panels can be mounted in different ways.

This is a unique material - it is ready to take any shape during the manufacturing process and, thanks to its architectural potential and authenticity, meets international requirements. modern design. Products are stained and harmoniously merge into any design projects. They are environmentally friendly and are quite in demand in the modern construction industry.

It is also possible to clad the outer walls of monolithic concrete. Most often it is used for the manufacture of facade decor. The composition of the material includes binders, fillers, mineral powders for coloring and microorganisms for moisture resistance.

The resulting concrete is an artificial stone, some experts call it archstone. The name of the material was given by the Russian company ArchiKamen, which actively uses it in its projects.

Project of the company "ArchiKamen"

The surface of the decor may be different, it depends on the components included in its composition. Imitation of products is carried out:

• under the stone
• sandstone;
• ceramics;
• goldite and other materials.

The advantages include: solidity, strength, durability. But the disadvantages are noted in significant weight, high cost of installation, restrictions on artistic expressiveness (small elements cannot be made), a long time for the manufacture of facade decor (for the production of complex decorative elements, it may take from a month to six months).

Well, it is quite difficult to fit concrete to the size at the construction site. This requires the calculation and hands of a specialist. Monolithic concrete facades are used extremely rarely in Russia, but we could not fail to mention them. Nevertheless, houses with such a facade look interesting and unusual.

Plastered facades

Among the developers there are people who like to periodically change the appearance of their home. Since it is difficult and costly to rebuild buildings or reconstruct their structural elements, they found an excellent way out - to repaint the facade. And for this, certain types of paints for outdoor types of work are applied to the plastered surface. Also, this type of facade cladding is considered the cheapest of those listed in this article.

First you need to decide what composition and method to plaster the surface. The processed base meets the requirements SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings": must be strong, rough, clean and open-pore. The industry offers:

The plastered surface must be painted with facade paint. More details about this material can be found in the article. "We find out which facade paints and for which surfaces to use, the pros and cons". According to the type of binder used in the manufacturing process, they are produced:

• on an inorganic basis;
• on an organic basis

Paints belonging to the second category: oil, alkyd, acrylate and polyurethane, form a solid base on the surface. Organic paint will perfectly protect the surface from natural influences, although its vapor permeability is lower. In addition, such paints and varnishes are thermoplastic.

Modern manufacturers produce water-dispersion facade compositions based on acrylic copolymers, in which the vapor transmission characteristic is improved. And the use of resins made it possible to create a paint that combines all the advantages of inorganic and organic compounds. Such compositions are non-thermoplastic and the walls resist pollution much better.

During the operation of the building, it is necessary to constantly monitor the facade. If the paint on the wall is cracked or peeling, the wall needs to be repaired. Places form on the surface, through them moisture penetrates into the structural elements of the structure, and this is fraught with destruction.

Great advantage - exterior paint has many colors, and if you paint the house in different colors, it will turn out very beautiful and stylish.

This is an exterior cladding created by recesses in the plaster. But sometimes it is done differently - just elements are mounted on the wall that divide the facade surface into parts. In modern architecture, the rusticated facade has a smooth line around the perimeter and a curious texture.

A house with rustication will look incomparable; in ancient Rome, the nobility thus decorated the buildings belonging to it. This cladding will protect your home from noise, atmospheric influences, mechanical damage.

Rusts are created in several ways:

1. 1 padding. Rust is stuffed over a fresh layer of coating with a metal ruler.
2. 2 Sawing. This is how thin rusts are created, for this a grinder or a saw is used.
3. 3 By embedding rails. Wooden slats are driven into the fragile plaster.
4. 4 Extrusion pattern. Rusty patterns are pulled out in the process of plastering.
5. 5 Creation of rusts from expanded polystyrene. This method is considered the most popular and affordable. In addition, the house is insulated with a layer of expanded polystyrene. Previously, rusts are made on the sheets with special equipment, then the insulation is mounted to the wall.

The rusticated facade looks beautiful, but the process itself is laborious, expensive and long.

Glass as an architectural constructive element was first used at the beginning of the last century. True, it was not widely used, the technology of its installation carried many problems: the fragility of glass, the presence of a bulky frame. But modern materials have made it possible to realize these bold design ideas.

Then the glass wall will provide:

• reliable heat and noise insulation;
• natural lighting;
• a wide range of design solutions;
• visual increase in space;
• interactive interaction with the panorama of the outside world;
• protection from wind, rain, snow, sun.

Translucent facade of the house- This is a rigid supporting structure made of profiles, sheathed with tempered glass. Due to the components, it can be considered durable, strong, reliable. Details match GOST R 54858-2011 "Translucent facade structures". The disadvantages are: the high cost, the complexity of installation and the services of specialists from cleaning companies for cleaning walls.

Energy prices have changed our attitude to the efficiency of building envelopes. Now we have begun to pay more attention to the heat-saving parameters of houses. If you have to heat the street, because the heat escapes through cracks and unsealed seams, then we begin to think about how to correct the situation that has arisen. After all, it is the outer walls that are the main source of heat loss.

Modern building materials make it possible to insulate the outer walls of buildings, create a comfortable microclimate in the premises, solve the issue of energy saving and decorate the facade.

Thermal insulation composite facades with a thin outer plaster layer (WDVS, EIFS, ETICS, SFTK, STIFS)

Some builders call this insulation system a “wet facade”. At the moment, it is the most popular due to its relatively low cost. This is facilitated by a wide range of goods, in specialized markets or in stores you can always buy inexpensive, but high-quality material.

A few words about the abbreviation. Multilayer facade thermal insulation systems according to the international classification are designated WDVS, ETICS, EIFS. They help save up to 40% of heat and appeared in Western Europe in the last century.

• WDVS – facade insulation system (WärmeDämmVerbundSysteme) The CAPAROL concern from Germany produces complex systems that are very successful in Russia. They include almost everything and are available in two versions: WDVS A - from mineral fiber and WDVS B - from expanded polystyrene.

• EIFS is an Exterior Insulated Finish System according to the terminology of the European Organization for Technical Approvals EOTA (European Organization for Technical Approvals). EIFS is a combination of leveling plaster systems, thermal insulation and finishing layers. All wall components are tested in a testing laboratory for 4 weeks, and the manufacturer guarantees a service life of 25 years without loss of quality. This technology is used by Knauf.
• ETICS is an external thermal insulation system with a finishing layer. ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems) complies with the European Organization for Technical Regulation EOTA. Good results can be achieved when installing external thermal insulation at home using materials of the certified system ETICS SAKRET EPS (expanded polystyrene) or ETICS SAKRET MW mineral wool).

Later, at the end of the last century, a domestic analogue of thermal insulation systems appeared:

• SFTK - facade heat-insulating composite system with external plaster layers and their elements. She must match GOST R 53786-2010 "Facade heat-insulating composite systems with external plaster layers", GOST 33740-2016 "Interstate standard systems for facade heat-insulating composite with external plaster layers". You can learn more about it read in the article"Instructions for a wet facade plastered with insulation";
• STIFS - Plaster Heat-Insulating Facade System. It consists of three main layers, among which are heat-insulating boards, which are the basis of the system - the first layer, the second - the base glue-reinforcing layer, which protects and strengthens the heat-insulating boards and the last third layer - finishing and decorative, giving an aesthetically safe appearance to the building and protecting the heat-insulating system of adverse natural influences.

"Wet" facade

According to each technology, heat-insulating plates are preliminarily attached to the facade of houses with the help of glue, which are then additionally fixed with dowels, the surface is reinforced with an adhesive composition, primed and a thin layer of decorative plaster is applied to it.

Thanks to modified polymer additives and marble chips, the finish layer is strong and durable. This insulation system has the following advantages:

1. 1 low cost.
2. 2 Light weight, although it turns out a multi-layer structure.
3. 3 Wide range of colors.
4. 4 Durability, subject to technological recommendations, the average service life is 25-30 years.
5. 5 Good steam, heat, sound insulation.
6. 6 The optimal location of the "dew point" in the insulation.
7. 7 Reduces heat loss.
8. 8 Increases the service life of the supporting structures of the house.

And among the shortcomings, two parameters should be noted, but they relate to their strict observance during installation. This is temperature and humidity. The manufacturer indicates the exact recommendations on the packaging. When it is very cold, hot or high humidity, it is impossible to achieve uniform drying of the plaster and glue. They will dry out, but technical conditions will be violated, and this is fraught with premature cracking and peeling of the plaster. It is also necessary to carry out work on a flat surface and the process of insulation itself takes a lot of time.

Hinged ventilated facades

The next technology for insulating the walls of buildings is hinged ventilated facades. This is a construction of cladding and a frame fixed to the supporting structure and a layer of thermal insulation.

This is also a fairly common type of facade insulation. It is especially widely used in high-rise buildings, but it can also be used for low-rise buildings, but a more spectacular visual result will be obtained in high-rise buildings.

Among the advantages of the system, the following indicators are noted:

• installation during the year;
• no special preparation of the wall is required, on the contrary, the hinged facade will hide structural defects, compensate for the broken geometry of the building;
• the thermal and sound-proof characteristics of the surface are increased;
• cladding will reliably protect the supporting structure of the wall;
• the system allows you to absorb thermal deformations that occur due to seasonal or daily temperature fluctuations;
• the facade looks aesthetically pleasing;
• There is a wide range of facing materials.

Manufacturers offer a wide range of finishes for hinged facades. The table shows brief characteristics the most common materials on the Russian market.

Hinged facades	a brief description of	Appearance
Porcelain stoneware	the material is very durable, not affected by water, temperature fluctuations, the action of aggressive compounds, unpretentious in care, has a wide variety of shapes, sizes, textures and colors, durable, fire resistant. Its cost will not cost you cheap, and its weight is not small
aluminum composite panels	the material is quite light, rigid, durable, easy to process, makes it possible to form complex shapes, has corrosion resistance, a wide range of colors, provides good sound and vibration insulation, is resistant to aggressive environments, UV, easy to maintain, durable. There are fire hazardous panels that are practically indistinguishable from non-combustible ones. To replace one plate, you have to remove several more neighboring ones. The cost is high
Fiber cement trim panels	the material consists of 80 to 90% cement, mineral fillers and cellulose in the form of reinforcing fibers. The panels are environmentally friendly, fire-resistant, lightweight, resistant to mechanical, chemical and biological effects, they are not afraid of temperature changes. The disadvantages include water absorption - panels - can absorb up to 10% of water
metal cassettes	it is a reliable and durable material, moisture resistant, not subject to corrosion, having a smooth front surface, plastic, light in weight, a wide range of colors, unpretentious in maintenance. The disadvantages include low thermal insulation properties
siding	the domestic market is represented by siding: basement - imitates stone or brickwork; cement - fireproof and durable, but quite heavy and therefore practically not used in low-rise construction; vinyl - the most versatile. With a wide range of textures and colors. You don’t know how to decorate the facade of the house inexpensively - pay attention to it; wooden - an analogue of traditional lining, only panels made of wood fiber, which was pressed with resins. Flammable, expensive and requires care; aluminum - less impact resistant than vinyl, cannot be repaired; steel - used where high mechanical stability of the cladding is required and load-bearing structures capable of withstanding loads from steel cladding
Block house, board or clapboard	such a facade requires constant care, like natural wood, it is fire hazardous, beautiful, has many textures and colors. By processing it with special means, you can increase the durability of the cladding.
On brackets with small pieces	stainless steel brackets are required for fixing masonry when installing a ventilated facade. They are attached to the wall, a piece element is laid on them. The system has sufficient vapor permeability. In addition to steel brackets, flexible anchors are used to connect the cladding to the wall. Such a facade is reliable, durable and beautiful.
translucent structures	This material provides reliable heat and sound insulation, provides a wide range of design solutions, and protects the surface from adverse conditions. This building looks very stylish and modern. The high price can serve as a constraint for developers
media facade	this system envelops the building with all its curves. It has small power consumption, is completely waterproof, and the transparency is 80%. The system is controlled from a PC. The truth is very expensive, requires careful care and maintenance, so it is rarely used for residential buildings.

As you can see, there is nothing super complicated in the system of a hinged ventilated facade. If you want to use it for your home, you need to know what result you need and have certain funds. If you have an idea and money, then feel free to get to work.

Advice from an expert on choosing a facade according to the climate zone

When deciding which facade to choose for your house, remember that you need not only an outwardly beautiful building, but also a comfortable environment for living. Therefore, when analyzing the types of facing materials and methods of their installation, consider design features walls, their preferences and climatic conditions.

In cases where stone is used for facade decoration, whether it be marble or sandstone in a predominantly cold climate, we all hope to get the maximum of advantages and a minimum of disadvantages, we give our last hard-earned money, we get a beautiful but cold design. It seems that everything was taken into account in the calculations, the facade turned out to be beautiful and expensive, but once again I don’t want to stay at home. This happens because any natural stone itself easily absorbs moisture, and snow and cold, and you live in Norilsk, where the winter temperature reaches -50 C on. Of course, this material is beautiful and practical, but not for this region.

Where it often rains, do not use natural limestone and plaster for cladding. Water will penetrate through the porous structure of the surface, holes, cracks and crevices, and this is an irritating factor for both the cladding itself and the main wall.
Special demand in the central regions Russian Federation uses vinyl and metal siding, but developers have begun to show more and more attention to translucent facades.

Which material is better, more practical and more beautiful for facades - you decide. The main thing is that it keeps the walls of your house for a long time and pleases with its appearance.

GOST 379−95 “Brick and silicate stones. Specifications".

GOST 530-2012 “Brick and ceramic stones. General technical conditions".

GOST 6133-99 “Concrete wall stones. Specifications".

GOST 9480-2012 “Facing slabs made of natural stone. Specifications".

GOST 8242 “Profile parts made of wood and wood materials for construction. General technical conditions".

GOST 8486-86 “Softwood lumber. Specifications".

GOST 31357-2007 “Dry building mixes based on cement binder. General technical conditions".

GOST R 54358-2011 "Decorative plaster compositions on a cement binder for facade heat-insulating composite systems with external plaster layers."

GOST R 55818-2013 “Polymer-based decorative plaster compositions for facade heat-insulating composite systems with external plaster layers”.

GOST R 54858-2011 "Translucent facade structures".

DIN EN 14519 Softwood paneling and cladding. Mechanical profiles with tongue and groove.

SanPiN 2.6.1.2800-10 "Radiation safety requirements for public exposure to natural sources of ionizing radiation".

Trubachev O. N. "Brick", 1986.

Kharit O. M. “Production of architectural finishing elements of buildings using modern materials and technologies". Edition "Technology of Construction" 2009, No. 6.

Banova N. N. “Issues of organization low-rise construction in the field of building decoration. Architectural and decorative elements for the protection of buildings and structures from natural and man-made impacts”, ZNIIS, 2009.

When building a house, it is important to consider what the facade of the building will be like. Not only the strength of structures, the quality of the foundation and the reliability of the entire structure are of great importance. Do not forget about the aesthetic side of the building. The façade of the building plays a key role here. It should look attractive and at the same time be practical.

Although the design of the front part of the building is not as long and laborious as the construction of load-bearing structures, it also has its own difficulties, algorithms and features.

How is the façade done?

Finishing the facade of a building is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. This is a multi-level process that begins with the creation of a project.

Often, planning work is entrusted to hired designers. This type of activity is carried out by large construction companies, design studios or private designers. Moreover, it is more profitable to contact large companies. Price finished project depends on the level of professionalism of specialists, the complexity of the order and its exclusivity. Choosing a ready-made plan is not as expensive as ordering an original one.

At first, you will be offered options and provided with a photo of the finished buildings, and after the deadline for the completion of the project, they will give you a finished drawing of the facade and an approximate estimate.

After the project is ready, you can proceed directly to work. Facade decoration is various kinds depending on the technologies and materials used.

Advantages of a wet facade

Many do not fully understand what it is. This technology consists in facing the walls with plaster.

There are different types of it: mineral, acrylic, silicate and silicone.

The first one is a bestseller on the market. The advantages of this option are cheapness, the effect of "breathing" walls. Cons - short service life (10 years), poor resistance to vibrations, adverse weather conditions, low level of plasticity. It is not recommended to plaster with it houses made of materials that need to "shrink" (for example, a log house), buildings located near railways and highways.

The second has about twice the service life, has good waterproofing performance and strength. True, houses lined with this material do not have the ability to "breathe", therefore a forced ventilation system should be installed. Another disadvantage of this finishing option is rapid pollution: acrylic absorbs dust very quickly, so you should not treat a house located near the highway with it.

The third option is silicate plaster, the most durable (25 years of service), plastic, the walls "breathe", dust is not collected (due to antistatic properties). The only point is the cost: this is the most expensive type.

And the last option is silicone plaster. It is perhaps the best solution. Material advantages:

• operation up to 25 years subject to technology;
• the walls under it "breathe";
• plastic;
• does not absorb salt, chemicals and dust.

Determination of the cladding method requires attention to the features of the structure (structural features and location). If plaster does not suit you, there are other materials.

Siding or decorative paneling

Siding also happens different types:

1. Plastic (made of polyvinyl chloride). The advantages of this technology include resistance to fire, ventilation of the building, ease of maintenance, durability and modern look. Cons - harmful fumes released into the external environment during melting; low price cladding is compensated by expensive materials needed for this type of cladding.
2. Metal. Advantages - strength, less susceptibility to mechanical damage, unpretentiousness, fire safety. Disadvantages - conducts current well (compensated by grounding), a small range of colors and textures, which largely limits the design options.
3. Wood. Such panels are made from environmentally friendly raw materials, look great, cost a lot and require additional care in the form of regular impregnation with products that ensure safety from pests, moisture and fire.
4. Stone and ceramic. This is tiling. This method requires strict adherence to the installation technology, its price is rather high, and the installation of these panels is impossible on a building whose walls have not “shrinked”. But they look spectacular, give the designer a wider horizon of action, are very durable and strong.

brick cladding

This technique is applicable if brick house an unpresentable view or a wooden cottage needs additional protection, the creation of a ventilated facade. In addition, this material is used to increase the waterproofing performance of walls or to insulate them, but then additional measures are needed (insulation with basalt, mineral wool, filling air gaps with liquid foam). It should be noted that the masonry requires a reinforced and expanded foundation with waterproofing (clay absorbs moisture well).

“The face, the front side, the appearance of the building from a right angle of view: exactly from the front, side or back” - such a clear interpretation of the facade is given in architectural reference books.

For us, the inhabitants, the facade is the outer walls of the building, what we see when looking at the house. Forming the appearance of the entire building, it is responsible for the durability, safety, stability, fire resistance and heat of the most important parts of the building. All cities are distinguished by unique buildings, unique architecture and represent the cultural heritage of the era. Modern designers have many different ideas, helping to make the house exclusive, emphasizing the status, taste and country.

It is the façades that create the differences between modern cities, which are so similar in terms of organization and are the last factor of originality.

In order to preserve the unique and inimitable appearance of each city, a legislative document was created - a building passport. It contains all the information about the technical condition of the city's buildings for repair work, any change is legalized.

To date, a law has been developed to preserve the historical appearance of the city, its architectural features, and any violation, unauthorized change of the facade will entail such liability as fines and administrative warnings.

Attention: refurbishment of facades, individual buildings, fences, installation and replacement, as well as illegal arrangement of entrances. Today, specialists, firms that work in the field of redevelopment, affecting changes, undertake to make them in the passports of buildings, not excluding the housing stock.

According to the article of the law - all actions related to any changes must be carried out with the consent of the CAA, or with the KGIOP, as well as with the permission of the owners of buildings and non-residential structures. This applies to objects cultural heritage, as well as for buildings and structures that are located in the legally protected zone of historical and cultural monuments, as well as architectural ensembles and landscapes.

The functional role of the facade is quite large, since it carries a certain load, and unauthorized work on the part of illegal redevelopment endangers the safety of residents of a residential building and creates a risk of accidents in the premises and the entire building as a whole. As a rule, incorrect calculations affect the load-bearing structures, and can lead to incorrect distribution of the load, therefore, deformation or complete destruction of the building. It is important to remember that the demand for residential space tends to outstrip existing availability and residential buildings have to operate much longer than prescribed. Over time, buildings designed for a service life of 20 years are not able to withstand fifty years of overload and at the same time look and not collapse. Bearing structures are subject to natural wear and tear, corrosion, and they also need to be repaired and strengthened, because all other elements of the building rest on them. Most often it is necessary to strengthen bearing walls and foundations, that is, the foundation of the house, the latest technologies come to the rescue, such as bent channels, as well as the introduction of a metal clip: iron squares, planks, a new external skeleton of the building is created by installing a reinforcing mesh. To improve the aesthetic appearance, it is covered with several layers of cement mortar, which helps to hide cracks and improve the cosmetic appearance, and a new and durable layer of reinforced concrete appears on top to replace the old structure. The performance of such work is perfectly visible in the video.

With the help of new technologies, an old building can be strengthened, given a modern look or restored to its historical appearance.

The facade is responsible for: warming the house, protecting the walls from precipitation, which allows you to increase the service life without overhaul, as well as the regulation of water vapor migration. As you have already seen, the facade has important functions, which should not be neglected. And if we are counting on the long-term operation of the house, we need to calculate the life of the facade structure, and it is desirable to determine the period of repair and annual maintenance.

Some people wonder what is the facade of the building? What is its definition? This is the front side of the building, located outside.

The concept of "facade" has another meaning: it is a drawing of an orthogonal projection of a building. The projection is carried out on a plane located vertically.

The front side is found in different types, which largely depends on its shape, proportion, architecture. According to Wikipedia, there are the following types:

• main;
• side;
• rear;
• street;
• yard.

Varieties

The front side of the building is called the facade, it is she who meets the guests. But it should be borne in mind that other sides of the building are also facades. However, they are not front, but side, back, and so on. All of them are divided by design features:

1. Stone, brick.
2. Concrete, monolithic.
3. Translucent.
4. Suspended ventilated structures. They differ in cladding. Cladding can be done: porcelain stoneware, aluminum panels, fiber cement, metal cassettes, siding, blockhouse, decorative board, of stainless steel.
5. Mediafacade. This is the most modern version of the front side of the building. In this case, screens are installed. Together, these screens form a video image. As a result, the front side of the building looks like one big screen. Looks very trendy and modern.

To decorate the main side beautifully, some professionals advise using stucco molding and tiles. You can use ordinary plaster, painting.

Front facade: materials for decoration

In order to design the main view of the building, the following materials are used:

• stone;
• siding;
• panel;
• plaster;
• facing brick.

What is most commonly used

Stones are often used to finish the front side. Can be used both natural and artificial stones. The following natural stones are most popular:

• marble;
• limestone;
• granite;
• gabbro.

Artificial stones are very popular. Architectural concrete is in high demand. It is also called "white stone". From the "white stone" you can create decorative elements for windows and doors, as well as hinged panels.

Such a design can be quite long (several square meters). Moreover, the thickness of the “white stone” is small and is about 10 cm.

What is siding?

Siding is a material for facing a building. The material is presented in the form of horizontally arranged panels. They are fastened together directly on the wall of the building. Siding is a very versatile and attractive cladding element:

1. With the help of siding, you can achieve diversity in creating forms.
2. It is very easy to operate.
3. It can be made from a wide variety of materials.

Varieties of siding

1. From vinyl. Siding made of this material is quite strong, durable, practical. The building becomes attractive due to the brilliant properties of the material.
2. From foam. The heat transfer of the building is reduced. This is of great importance for buildings located in a harsh climate zone. The advantages of foam siding is also an increase in the vapor permeability of the building, moisture does not accumulate on the walls.
3. From metal. It is the metal finish that will add durability and resistance to the effects of adverse environmental factors to the building.
4. Of steel.
5. From a tree. The main facade with such a finish looks aesthetically pleasing, excellent thermal protection of the building is created.
6. From cement.

Thanks to all these advantages, siding is gradually replacing many of the listed materials (in particular, plaster).

Plaster, as a material for cladding the exterior of a building, is also used very often and tries not to give up its positions. The following types of plaster have been developed: mineral, polymer, mosaic, structural, pebble.

The main side should look attractive, since it is she who is the "face" of the building.

Main facade: types of structures

What is included in the definition of a facade can be understood and found out through the study of information.

There are two main requirements for all types of main types of buildings and structures:

1. Protection of the structure from the influence of external factors.
2. aesthetic effect.

He can be:

• dry;
• wet.

The "dry" type of facade systems is made without the use of adhesive bases and special mortars. Thus, any part is fastened with nails, screws and other elements. An example of dry facades is siding.

“They are assembled using building mix. Examples are: plaster, clinker tile trim (an adhesive base is needed to fix it) and others.

What is needed for this type

Available to a wide range of buyers. It consists of the following layers:

1. Insulation (this is the inner layer).
2. Fiberglass. With its help, installers strengthen the walls.
3. Decorative plaster. It comes in all shapes and colors.

For manufacturing, complex schemes and all kinds of aluminum fasteners, tiles and ceramic bricks are not needed, and the insulation can be simply strengthened using mesh and bolts. But there is a small nuance - at temperatures below +5 ° C, it is impossible to mount such a system.

A huge plus is that installation can be done regardless of the time of year and weather conditions. A "wet" facade gives the building integrity, but it directly depends on weather conditions and climate.

Additional classification

To date, the division of this building material to the following types:

The technology of ventilated systems is based on the formation of a gap for ventilation, which is located between the wall and the facade material.

Air begins to circulate freely in the gap, due to which moisture and dampness evaporate. And the material itself qualitatively protects the floors of the premises from all kinds of atmospheric influences.

What does the ventilation facade consist of

This view should consist of three layers:

1. Mineral insulation (it is located from the inside.
2. Air layer (this is the middle layer).
3. Facing part (outer layer). Most often it is covered on the outside ceramic tiles. It looks neat and has a lot of colors.

Ventilated facades and other systems containing aluminum are expensive. The main point in this case is the correspondence "price-quality".

A non-ventilated facade is used when the building has no external insulation. If the façade is to be installed on a wooden building, it is better to use a ventilated system, since the wooden walls themselves emit a large amount of moisture. If you do not get rid of the accumulation of moisture, then wooden house it just starts to rot.